Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for Space Weather Studies and Applications

Denardini, Clezio Marcos; Picanço, Giórgio Arlan da Silva; Neto, Paulo França Barbosa; Nogueira, P. A. B.; Carmo, C. S.; Resende, L. C. A.; Moro, Juliano; Chen, Sony Su; Romero‐Hernández, E.; Silva, R. P.; Bilibio, Anderson Vestena

doi:10.1029/2019sw002328

Cited by 14 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Having the TEC map as basic input, the DIX for each cell is calculated as

{DIX}_{k} ((), t) = \sqrt{{((), \frac{α ({Δ TEC}_{k} (t) / {italicTEC}_{k}^{italicQd} (t)) + {Δ TEC}_{k} (t)}{β})}^{2}}

All the detail on how these terms were chosen and how their values were obtained is provided by Denardini et al (2020, submitted as a companion paper to this issue). Nevertheless, it is important to mention that the spatial scale of ionospheric disturbances that can be detected by the DIX map is essentially associated with the spatial resolution of the TEC map used as input to it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data During the Saint Patrick Magnetic Storm and EPBs

et al. 2020

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This study examines the variability of the ionospheric content during the period around the 2015 Saint Patrick magnetic storm and when equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are observed during the quiet time over South America during two other events. It uses the ionospheric scales index map based on the disturbance ionospheric index (DIX). The results are compared to the traces of the ionograms obtained at three different ionospheric stations (Fortaleza, Campo Grande, and Cachoeira Paulista) in Brazil acquired in the same period and at the same time rate. The index is based on the TEC map developed at the "Brazilian Studies and Monitoring of Space Weather" (Embrace/INPE). It covers the whole South America (latitudes from 20°N to 60°S and longitudes from 90°W to 30°W) with 0.5°× 0.5°resolution cells (60 × 60 km 2). Among the results, the DIX map revealed some patches of "Disturbed" and "Weakly Disturbed" ionospheric conditions during the magnetically quiet time before the storm, which were associated with range and frequency Spread-F over the same area as observed in ionograms. Also, the information from the southern portion of the dip equator showed a transition from occurrences of Spread-F prior to sunrise to a condition favorable enough to develop a F3 layer after sunrise. Magnetic storms have also been investigated in a large number of works in several different ways. For instance, the Saint Patrick magnetic storm has been investigated by Astafyeva et al. (2015) using a global multi-instrumental overview of the ionospheric impact of this magnetic storm. Nevertheless, the map present in their Figure 2 has very low resolution. Besides, the maps presented in their Figure 5 have several gaps. In another portion of the study (e.g., Figure 4 that deals with sectoral analysis), they basically used profiles of NmF2 from a single station. In the other study, Venkatesh et al. (2017) did provide quite high-resolution maps, but TEC maps (see their Figures 6 and 9), not disturbances maps. For the disturbance, they used

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“…Having the TEC map as basic input, the DIX for each cell is calculated as

{DIX}_{k} ((), t) = \sqrt{{((), \frac{α ({Δ TEC}_{k} (t) / {italicTEC}_{k}^{italicQd} (t)) + {Δ TEC}_{k} (t)}{β})}^{2}}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data During the Saint Patrick Magnetic Storm and EPBs

et al. 2020

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“…A detailed description of the terms and coefficients of this equation is presented in [23] and therefore will not be presented in detail here, nor the reasons why and how they were established. Nevertheless, we mention that TEC k (t) is the TEC provided by the TEC map procedure for cell k, TEC Qd k t ð Þ represents the ''average'' behavior of the TEC at a given time over the observation point, and…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric-Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for South America

2021

RSL

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This article gives a summary of our comprehensive study for developing an ionosphericscale index map based on the Disturbance Ionospheric Index (DIX). This index aims to target all the different user groups affected by ionospheric disturbancesnavigation, positioning, and satellite-communication users-in a simple and straightforward approach. Therefore, we used the vertical total electron content (TEC) over South America to calculate the TEC maps covering latitudes from 608S to 208N and longitudes from 908W to 308W, with 0.58 3 0.58 resolution. Afterward, DIX maps were obtained to reveal the variation of the TEC over an average quiet ionosphere background. In order to illustrate the use of the index map, the ionospheric disturbances after and during the 2015 Saint Patrick's Day magnetic storm are presented as an example of the disturbances in the DIX at different latitudinal ranges.

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“…In this context, many efforts have been made to develop indices to represent the ionospheric response due to these drivers (Jakowski & Hoque, 2019;Resende et al, 2019). Denardini et al (2020) present a list of some of the most well-known ionospheric indices and a basic description of their methodologies. These indices have been developed aiming to provide a quick measure of the disturbed ionospheric variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Non-Perturbed TEC Reference of a New Version of the DIX

Picanço¹,

Denardini²,

Nogueira³

et al. 2021

Braz J Geophys

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In the present work, we evaluate a new method for determining a non-perturbed Total Electron Content (TEC) reference to apply on a new version of the disturbance ionosphere index (DIX). This method is based on calculating a 3-hour moving average over the TEC obtained during a given reference day. We compared the proposed method with TEC values obtained from monthly medians and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model to evaluate its performance. The results are presented and discussed in terms of a dispersion coefficient between each method and the averaged TEC from the five quietest days of each month of 2015, over three Brazilian sites. Finally, we calculated the DIX based on the proposed method and compared it with the original DIX values obtained during the St. Patrick's Day magnetic storm (17-18 March 2015). Differences between the two approaches are discussed, and the results showed that the non-perturbed reference determination could highly influence the quality of the DIX calculation.

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Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for Space Weather Studies and Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data During the Saint Patrick Magnetic Storm and EPBs

Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data During the Saint Patrick Magnetic Storm and EPBs

Ionospheric-Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for South America

Evaluation of the Non-Perturbed TEC Reference of a New Version of the DIX

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