Iontophoretic Application of Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agents *

Hill, James M.; Gangarosa, Louis P.; Park, N. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21994.x

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An initial report on iontophoresis of newer antivirals was presented in 1977 (17). During the mid 70's adenine arabinoside (Vira-A) was approved as the second antiviral agent available for therapy of human HSV (18); Vira-A had a lower systemic toxicity than idoxuridine.…”

Section: Treatment Of Herpes Simplex Cutaneous and Orolabial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iontophoresis for Enhancing Penetration of Dermatologic and Antiviral Drugs

Gangarosa

Ozawa

Ohkido

et al. 1995

The Journal of Dermatology

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Iontophoresis is the process of introducing ionic drugs into the body for therapeutic purposes. Although iontophoresis has the potential for systemic therapy, it has mainly been used for local therapy at body surfaces. Many ionic drugs are available including lidocaine, epinephrine, methylprednisolone succinate, dexamethasone phosphate, several antivirals, various antibiotics, and other specific drugs. The use of an indicated ionic drug by iontophoresis offers a broad potential for promoting the development of more effective therapies in dermatology. Iontophoresis of ionized drugs provided a 20-60 fold increase in penetration over topical application. Iontophoresis for dermatological use requires that: a) a charged drug be placed at an electrode having a polarity the same charge as the drug, b) the condition or disease under treatment be at or near the body surface, and c) a modern, sophisticated source of direct current, with appropriate accessories, be used. The current source must have features that make it not only effective, but also safe for application to the patient. Modern systems for application of drugs by iontophoresis have features that make the process simple and efficient for use in practice. Iontophoresis has a long history of use, having been suggested for various therapies for many years in medicine, physical therapy and dentistry. Pilocarpine iontophoresis is a preferred method for cystic fibrosis detection. Also, lidocaine iontophoresis has been advocated to anesthetize the tympanic membrane before myringotomy. Anesthesia of the skin to a depth of 1.0 cm or more has been reported in double-blind studies of human volunteers. Local anesthesia by iontophoresis was reported to be effective for: 1) cutaneous cutdowns in patients requiring kidney dialysis, 2) delicate eyelid surgery, as the sole anesthetic, 3) preinjection topical anesthesia, and 4) shave biopsies of skin lesions. The use of iontophoresis for treating difficult cases of hyperhydrosis is quite popular among dermatologists. The present report emphasizes uses of iontophoresis in dermatology and is divided into discussion of studies using iontophoresis for postherpetic neuralgia, local anesthesia, antiviral therapy, and for corticosteroid therapy of nonspecific inflammatory lesions. Over 1250 patients have been treated for postherpetic neuralgia by corticosteroid iontophoresis at 6 medical centers with 60-80% of patients showing a major therapeutic response with return to a tolerable pain level. Double-blind studies of varicella zoster (active and postherpetic) and herpes simplex have proven that iontophoresis is a valuable modality for treating viral diseases of the skin. Many other uses for iontophoresis have been proposed in the literature that involve several hundred research papers, several textbooks and many book chapters. Review of the literature supports the concept that iontophoresis provides an optimal method for drug application in therapy of surface tissues.

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Section: Treatment Of Herpes Simplex Cutaneous and Orolabial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iontophoresis for Enhancing Penetration of Dermatologic and Antiviral Drugs

Gangarosa

Ozawa

Ohkido

et al. 1995

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…Iontophoresis with a direct current has been proved to be a safe technique to facilitate the penetration of charged anti-inflammatory drugs into cutaneous tissues (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). As peptide and protein molecules can be rendered charged by controlling the pH of the solution, they could penetrate the skin as charged molecules by iontophoretic diffusion.…”

Section: T H E R a P E U T I C A P P L I C A T I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Delivery of Proteins and Peptides Using Iontophoretic Techniques

Parasrampuria

1991

J Clin Pharm Ther

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SUMMARYThere has been much interest recently in the delivery of proteins and peptides following the research and development of biotechnology: derived drugs and other bioactive substances. This article summarizes the use of iontophoresis to deliver proteins and peptides across the skin. This technique offers considerable promise for delivering drugs in therapeutic amounts by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and liver metabolism. This article discusses the theory underlying iontophoretic drug delivery and the devices available. T h e future development of these systems would require the use of specialized approaches to enhance delivery of larger molecules but overall there is considerable optimism.

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“…Iontophoresis is a simple, safe, well-documented method of assuring penetration of charged chemicals through surface tissues (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Iontophoresis has been used in medical and dental fields to increase the penetration of drugs (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

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confidence: 99%