“…Several studies have indicated that apoptosis of endothelial cells is induced by high-dose CM; however, the exposure time of high-dose CM was a very short period. Petersein et al 24) had found that only 76% of the administered dose (250 mg total iodine/kg body weight) in vivo was eliminated via the urine at 24 h, whereas concentrations in liver, spleen and blood were still remained 7.7, 2.5, and 6.3%, respectively. Therefore, we first decided the low-dose CM, which did not affect the viability of endothelial cells, with various nonionic iodinated contrast media, including iobitridol, iohexol, iobrix, and Ultravist.…”