IoT System Design for Agro-Tourism

Sustainable Gardens for Smart Cities using Low-Power Communications

“…Smart management system in the context of agriculture consists of monitoring and controlling environmental parameters either automatically or remotely [9]. Parameters such as soil moisture, humidity, temperature, pH or light, are influenced by a variety of factors including season, geography, type of soil, and type of plants [5,8]. Considering that different crops need specific conditions, with a proper smart management system it is possible to monitor and control the conditions in which the plant is being cultivated and, thereby, optimize those conditions and used resources [9].…”

“…One of the main resources in the agricultural sector is water and, due to the scarcity of fresh water in most regions of the planet [4], it is of paramount importance to manage this resource appropriately. The amount of water that plants require at various stages throughout their lives, as well as the water hygroscopicity of the soil in the root zone, are critical factors in determining the frequency of the watering process and the amount of water that must be supplied each time [8].…”

“…Community garden [2], [8], [16], [20], [28], [32] Vertical garden [29], [30], [31], [34] Controlled Environment Agriculture…”

“…Ref. Main contribution [1] LoRa power consumption comparison [2] Platform for garden monitoring [3] Controlled environment system [4] Irrigation system with fuzzy logic decision support [5] Irrigation system integrated with home appliances [6] Gardening management system [8] Irrigation system [9] Greenhouse management system [10] Automatic irrigation robot based on point-to-point motion [11] Automatic drip irrigation system [12] Irrigation system [13] System for controlling electrical and electronic devices [14] Weather station to predict the possibility of raining [15] Platform for monitoring small-sizes crop [16] Platform for monitoring and selling crops in communities [17] Comparison between normal and smart irrigation with different environmental variables [18] Home governance system [21] Irrigation system [22] Modular grow box using augmented reality for visualization [23] Interactive cultivation system (paddy drone)…”

Deployment of e-services based contextual smart agro system using internet of things

“…When the data is received, the ESP8266 board transmits it to the Blynk application. In terms of the water discharge estimates for various vegetables, fruits, and plants, there is space for improvement in the system [13]. It's estimated that there are seven mobile applications, each with its own each application has its own unique set of capabilities.…”