IPM Programs in Vegetable Crops in Australia and USA: Current Status and Emerging Trends

Schellhorn, Nancy A.; Nyoike, T. W.; Liburd, Oscar E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8992-3_19

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), makes these native plants ideal candidates for conservation biological control. Low density thrips populations may provide a refuge for natural enemies adjacent to crops, resulting in enemies colonizing the crop earlier, which is a key component of an IPM strategy or re-colonizing after a disturbance (van der Werf, 1995;Schellhorn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-risk plants are likely to have several of the following primary criteria: (i) relatively unattractive to pest thrips (odds ratios < 1); (ii) unable to harbour TSWV; (iii) taxonomically distant from the crop plant; (iv) provide habitat for a diversity of natural enemies of pests, so they are available for early colonisation into the crop; (v) compatible with agronomic practices in that they are low growing so as not to get in the way of machinery or containment facilities; and (vi) native to the region. Secondary criteria may include native plants that provide an additional source of income for the farm, such as native foods, cut flowers and seeds for the revegetation industry (Schellhorn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have also shown the seasonal importance of weeds in the Solanaceae and Brassicaceae for hosting thrips species from our study (Kahn et al, 2005;Larentzaki et al, 2007;Paini et al, 2007;Northfield et al, 2008). Demonstrating that on-farm vegetation manipulation disadvantages the pest to such a degree that pest populations and associated control costs are significantly lowered still needs rigorous testing (Schellhorn et al, 2009) but, in theory, could be applied to a range of pest types. Such research should apply methods that quantify in a standardised way, both TSWV pressure and thrips parasitism within crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae)

Schellhorn

Glatz

Wood

2010

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Interactions among insect pests, crops and weeds are well recognised. In fact, the elimination of weed hosts outside of the crop is a common practice to control many insect-vectored viruses. However, little is known about interactions among insect pests, crops and native vegetation, and whether native plants may be used to revegetate areas where weed hosts have been eliminated as part of horticultural management regimes. We used the Northern Adelaide Plains horticultural region (South Australia, Australia) as a model system to study the potential of various plant taxa in hosting four pest thrips (three exotic, one native; Frankliniella occidentalis, F. schultzei, Thrips tabaci and T. imaginis) when located adjacent to, and distant from, horticultural crops. Flower funnels were used for standardised sampling of thrips on flowers from 19 exotic weed and 12 native plant species, representing 13 and three families, respectively. Flowers were sampled monthly over a year, and statistical analyses were performed to identify significant determinants of probability of thrips occurrence and density. Plant family was found to significantly influence both measures for each thrips species. In addition, crop proximity influenced the probability of occurrence for the two Frankliniella species (but only influenced density of the key pest F. occidentalis), and season influenced density of all four pest thrips. All native plant species tested had a low likelihood of hosting the three exotic thrips species. Overall, results suggest that judicious choice of surrounding vegetation has potential to be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) while increasing biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae)

Schellhorn

Glatz

Wood

2010

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The majority of pest management decisions are made at the field scale independent of the context of the surrounding area. Arguably the current “best practice IPM” includes routine arthropod monitoring, the use of soft‐chemistry which is less harmful on NEs, and monitoring of pests and NEs after a spray to determine efficacy (Kogan, ; Schellhorn et al ., ; Zalucki et al ., , 2015). Minimizing harm to NEs is the first step in making sure they are present and active in a landscape, and this can be achieved by selecting insecticides that minimize lethal and sublethal effects (e.g., avoiding broad‐spectrum formulations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting scales: Achieving in‐field pest control from areawide and landscape ecology studies

et al. 2014

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Areawide management has a long history of achieving solutions that target pests, however, there has been little focus on the areawide management of arthropod natural enemies. Landscape ecology studies that show a positive relationship between natural enemy abundance and habitat diversity demonstrate landscape-dependent pest suppression, but have not yet clearly linked their findings to pest management or to the suite of pests associated with crops that require control. Instead the focus has often been on model systems of single pest species and their natural enemies. We suggest that management actions to capture pest control from natural enemies may be forth coming if: (i) the suite of response and predictor variables focus on pest complexes and specific management actions; (ii) the contribution of "the landscape" is identified by assessing the timing and numbers of natural enemies immigrating and emigrating to and from the target crop, as well as pests; and (iii) pest control thresholds aligned with crop development stages are the benchmark to measure impact of natural enemies on pests, in turn allowing for comparison between study regions, and generalizations. To achieve pest control we will need to incorporate what has been learned from an ecological understanding of model pest and natural enemy systems and integrate areawide landscape management with in-field pest management.

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“…Much research effort has been dedicated to the development of non-chemical pest control methods. Along with biological control methods, a variety of cultural practices have been gradually improved to suppress or limit the impact of pests and enhance the efficacy of integrated protection strategies, particularly for protected vegetable crops (Aissat et al, 2008;Candido et al, 2008;van Lenteren, 2000;Schellhorn et al, 2009;Shipp et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved leaf pruning reduces development of stem cankers caused by grey mould in greenhouse tomatoes

Decognet¹,

Ravetti²,

Martin³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is considered as a major burden on greenhouse tomato production. In heated greenhouses, where leaf pruning is a routine practice and microclimatic conditions are favourable for grey mould development, infections of the pruning wounds result in stem cankers that can rapidly kill the plants. Chemical control is not always sufficiently effective and growers face increasing demands for reducing their dependency on pesticides. Several techniques can be used for the removal of leaves. They differ mainly on the presence or absence and the size of petiole stubs remaining on the stems after pruning. In this study, leaf pruning techniques were compared in an experimental greenhouse and the results validated in four commercial greenhouses, in a variety of agronomic conditions and in various situations of inoculum pressure. All experiments clearly showed that a careful removal of the leaves without leaving any petiole stubs on the stems can significantly decrease the incidence of stem cankers even under high disease pressure. As up to 10-fold differences were observed, this suggests the possibility of improving pruning practices in tomato greenhouses by removing leaves systematically close to the stem. This environmentally-friendly cultural practice appears compatible for integration with other preventative methods for the objective of sustainable crop protection in greenhouse tomatoes. grey mould / Solanum lycopersicum / integrated pest management / sustainable crop protection

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IPM Programs in Vegetable Crops in Australia and USA: Current Status and Emerging Trends

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae)

The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae)

Connecting scales: Achieving in‐field pest control from areawide and landscape ecology studies

Improved leaf pruning reduces development of stem cankers caused by grey mould in greenhouse tomatoes

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