“…Thus, several economists argue that new‐list US firms are more likely to offer innovative products and customer‐centric services and are less likely to compete by manufacturing commodity products more inexpensively than their predecessors (Baumol and Schramm, ; Brickley and Zimmerman, ; Payne and Frow, ; Shapiro and Varian, ). These changes are likely to increase firm risk, because they increase intangible inputs – such as research and development (R&D), information technology (IT), databases and expert human capital – with future benefits that are less certain than those from tangible assets (Apte et al , ; Comin and Philippon, ; Demers and Joos, ; Kothari et al , ).…”