iPSCs: A Minireview from Bench to Bed, including Organoids and the CRISPR System

Abstract

When Dolly the sheep was born, the first probe into an adult mammalian genome traveling back in time and generating a whole new animal appeared. Ten years later, the reprogramming process became a defined method of producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the overexpression of four transcription factors. iPSCs are capable of originating virtually all types of cells and tissues, including a whole new animal. The reprogramming strategies based on patient-derived cells should make the development of clinical applications of cell based therapy much more straightforward. Here, we analyze the current state, opportunities, and challenges of iPSCs from bench to bed, including organoids and the CRISPR system.

oRGs and mitotic somal translocation — a role in development and disease

“…ES and iPS cell cultures are particularly attractive for studying human oRG cells given the widespread availability of cell lines, the ease of performing genetic modifications using techniques such as CRISPR [43], and the ability to use patient-derived iPS cells. Neural progenitor cell cultures derived from human ES and iPS cells have been shown to display apicobasal polarity, with vRG-like cells that undergo interkinetic nuclear migration, and oRG-like cells that undergo MST [40,44].…”

CRISPR-Cas9: a promising tool for gene editing on induced pluripotent stem cells

“…An isogenic human iPSC cell line precisely corrected by the CRISPR-Cas9 system was recently constructed, despite the handling difficulties associated with gene editing of human stem cells [131]. In the future, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 with iPSCs will lead to novel combinations of gene and cell therapies [132]. …”

Ips Progression a Decade Devoted

“…High system efficiency, ease of use and cheaper costs than predecessors has made CRISPR-CAS a popular editing tool. Researchers can introduce specific disease-causing alleles into wildtype iPSC's with the assistance of CRISPR-CAS and eliminate genetic defects in patient iPS for isogenic controls in disease remodeling [94]. Successful progression of iPS and CRISPR-CAS amalgamation is justified by stable iPS proliferation and wholesome numbers of modified clones that can be harvested after genetic modification in culture.…”