IQ Predicts Neuropsychological Performance in Children

Foley, Jessica; García, José Antonio Tornero; Shaw, Lindsay; Golden, Charles J.

doi:10.1080/00207450903192852

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The relatively low but significant correlations between IQ and naming accuracy scores are consistent with correlations between IQ and neuropsychological test performances previously reported for both adults (Diaz-Asper, Schretlen, & Pearlson, 2004) and children (Foley, Garcia, Shaw, & Golden, 2009), reflecting an expected, relative consistency between general intellectual function and performance in particular cognitive domains. Correlations between WIAT word reading and several ANT, yet no VNT scores, reached significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Auditory and visual naming tests for children

Hamberger

Seidel²,

MacAllister

et al. 2017

Child Neuropsychology

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Assessment of naming in children has been hampered by the use of tests that were developed, either to assess naming in adults or to assess related verbal functions in children. We developed comparable visual naming test (VNT) and auditory description naming (ANT) specifically for children. We collected normative data, not only for accuracy, typically the sole performance measure, but also for response time (RT) and reliance on phonemic cuing. The normative sample consisted of 200 typically developing children, ages 6-15, with 40 children per 2-year age group (6-7, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, and 14-15). Children were tested individually by a trained examiner. Based on item analysis, naming tests were finalized at 36 items for ages 8-15 and 28 items for ages 6-7. Age-stratified normative data are provided for accuracy, mean RT, tip-of-the-tongues (i.e., delayed but accurate responses plus items named following phonemic cueing), and a summary score, which incorporates all performance measures. Internal and test-retest reliability coefficients for both tests were reasonable. Accuracy scores were high across age groups, indicating that item names were within the mental lexicon of most typically developing children. By contrast, time and cue-based scores improved with age, reflecting greater efficiency in word retrieval with development. These complementary auditory naming and visual naming tests for children address a longstanding clinical need, improving upon the current standard with respect to the sensitivity of performance measures and the addition of an auditory verbal component to the assessment of naming in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Auditory and visual naming tests for children

Hamberger

Seidel²,

MacAllister

et al. 2017

Child Neuropsychology

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“…It has been demonstrated that a high cognitive reserve is a protective factor in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and traumatic brain injury 38,39. From the perspective of task execution, intelligence can positively affect retrieval and the application of previous learning, and can play a protective role to compensate for impaired attention and memory 37,41. This may explain our finding that narcoleptics with a high IQ experience less cognitive impairment and are less depressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Is High IQ Protective Against Cognitive Dysfunction in Narcoleptic Patients?

et al. 2013

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Background and PurposeThe aims of this study were to elucidate the cognitive functions of narcoleptics and determine whether intelligence protects against cognitive dysfunction and depressive mood in these patients.MethodsSixty-six subjects (33 narcoleptics, 33 controls) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and an individual standardized intelligence test. The cognitive functions of the narcoleptic patients and the healthy controls were compared, as were those of high-IQ and mid-to-low-IQ narcoleptic patients.ResultsNarcoleptics exhibited significantly lower scores in the Corsi Block-Tapping Test forward and backward, and the digit symbol tests, and significantly higher Beck Depression Inventory scores than the controls. However, verbal attention, verbal-visual long-term memory, and executive function task scores did not differ significantly between patients and controls. The mid-to-low-IQ patient group had lower mean digit span backward test, phonemic and semantic fluency Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Korean version of the Boston Naming Test scores, and a higher total score and general depressive symptoms subscales Beck Depression Inventory score than the high-IQ patient group. However, controls exhibited no IQ-related differences in cognitive performance or depressive mood. Patients in the high-IQ group exhibited impaired visual attention and working memory as compared with controls.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study show that narcolepsy patients have deficits in visual attention and visual working memory, and tend to feel more general depressive symptoms but not somatic symptoms than their control, nonnarcoleptic counterparts. In addition, it appears that higher intelligence protects against cognitive dysfunction and depressive mood.

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“…While no interactions between performance and family history status related to brain activity in either the DLPFC or the cerebellum, there was a significant relationship between RT on risky versus safe selections and BOLD response in the DLPFC, regardless of family history status [overall model R 2 = 0.49, F (3, 27) = 8.55; RT: β = .37, t (27) = 2.62, p < 0.05]. Furthermore, given the relationship between intelligence and executive functioning (Foley et al., 2009), we examined whether IQ correlated with DLPFC activity during risky decision‐making. No significant relationship between IQ and DLPFC activity was present [overall model R 2 = 0.02, F (1, 29) = 0.56, β = −.14, t (29) = −.75, p > 0.05].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky Decision‐Making: An fMRI Study of Youth at High Risk for Alcoholism

Cservenka

Nagel

2012

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

105

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Background Adolescents with a family history of alcoholism (FHP) are at risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD), and some studies indicate that FHP individuals show deficits in executive functioning. The ability to make adaptive decisions is one aspect of successful executive functioning that is often measured during risk-taking tasks; however, this behavior has not been examined in FHP youth. Since impaired decision-making could predispose FHP youth to make poor choices related to alcohol use, the current study examined the neural substrates of risk-taking in FHP adolescents and their family history negative (FHN) peers. Methods Thirty-one (18 FHP, 13 FHN) youth between 13-15 years old were included in this study. All youth had used little to no alcohol prior to study involvement. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the neural substrates of risk-taking during the Wheel of Fortune (WOF) decision-making task (Ernst et al., 2004) in FHP and FHN youth. Results FHP youth did not differ from FHN youth in risk-taking behavior, but showed less brain response during risky decision-making in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right cerebellar regions compared to FHN peers. Conclusions Despite no behavioral differences on the WOF decision-making task, FHP youth exhibited atypical neural response during risk-taking compared to FHN peers. Atypical brain activity, in regions implicated in executive functioning could lead to reduced cognitive control, which may result in risky choices regarding alcohol use. This could help explain the higher rates of AUDs seen in FHP adolescents. Further examination of risky behavior and associated brain response over the course of adolescence is necessary to characterize the vulnerabilities of FHP youth in the absence of alcohol abuse.

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IQ Predicts Neuropsychological Performance in Children

Abstract: In children, IQ predicts neuropsychological performance differentially based upon ability level, with stronger relationships shown in lower IQ ranges.

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Auditory and visual naming tests for children

Auditory and visual naming tests for children

Is High IQ Protective Against Cognitive Dysfunction in Narcoleptic Patients?

Risky Decision‐Making: An fMRI Study of Youth at High Risk for Alcoholism

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