IR-GRIN optics for imaging

Gibson, Daniel; Bayya, Shyam; Nguyen, Vinh; Sanghera, J.S.; Kotov, Mikhail; Miklos, R.; McClain, Collin

doi:10.1117/12.2224094

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Arbitrary 3-D profiles may not be possible due to intrinsic shape of diffusion profiles; stacking (for axial GRIN) is much easier than rod-in-tube for radial GRIN designs; post-diffusion molding (slumping) could be used to further change the bulk optic's shape and performance. [35][36][37][38] B: Thermally Poleddiffractive or refractive optics Mobile ion-containing bulk glass is subjected to a thermal poling process (applied electric field and temperatures near Tg) to create a composition gradient between electrodes; electrode patterning imparts gradient to composition profile with arbitrary shape (grating, micro-lens, etc) without transmission degradation. Index changes (∆n) to +0.05 in ChG shown with long-lived (>1.5 year) stability.…”

Section: Ir Grin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in infrared GRIN: a review of novel materials towards components and devices

Richardson

Sisken

Yadav

et al. 2018

Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV Through LWIR III

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Novel optical materials capable of advanced functionality in the infrared will enable optical designs that can offer lightweight or small footprint solutions in both planar and bulk optical systems. UCF's Glass Processing and Characterization Laboratory (GPCL) with our collaborators have been evaluating compositional design and processing protocols for both bulk and film strategies employing multi-component chalcogenide glasses (ChGs). These materials can be processed with broad compositional flexibility that allows tailoring of their transmission window, physical and optical properties, which allows them to be engineered for compatibility with other homogeneous amorphous or crystalline optical components. This paper reviews progress in forming ChG-based GRIN materials from diverse processing methodologies, including solution-derived ChG layers, poled ChGs with gradient compositional and surface reactivity behavior, nanocomposite bulk ChGs and glass ceramics, and meta-lens structures realized through multiphoton lithography (MPL).

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Section: Ir Grin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in infrared GRIN: a review of novel materials towards components and devices

Richardson

Sisken

Yadav

et al. 2018

Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV Through LWIR III

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“…Researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have previously reported new broadband homogeneous chalcogenide glasses to address this issue [3][4][5] and are in the process of transitioning those materials to industry for manufacturing. Refractive index data for these glasses were published previously 6 and were available for Zemax OpticStudio and Synopsis CodeV from the authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques have been utilized to fabricate GRIN optics for visible light including glass element diffusion, 14 ion exchange in glass, 15 and polymer nanolayer extrusion. 16 Recent efforts funded by the DARPA M-GRIN program 17 have reinvigorated interest in the development of GRIN materials, especially in the IR [3][4][5][18][19][20] where correction of chromatic aberration is a key design challenge. To date, GRIN optics for IR are not commercially available with the notable exception that some GRIN lenses designed for visible wavelengths also have incidental utility in the near-IR at wavelengths shorter than about 1.5 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-based gradient index optics for infrared imaging

et al. 2020

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New moldable, infrared (IR) transmitting glasses and diffusion-based gradient index (GRIN) optical glasses enable simultaneous imaging across multiple wavebands including shortwave infrared, midwave infrared, and long-wave infrared, and offer potential for both weight savings and increased performance in optical sensors. Lens designs show potential for significant reduction in size and weight and improved performance using these materials in homogeneous and GRIN lens elements in multiband sensors. An IR-GRIN lens with Δn ¼ 0.2 is demonstrated. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…Gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics have been increasingly sought after to enhance optical system performance while reducing the number, size, and/or weight of the optical components needed in a system, while maintaining optical performance (size, weight, and power -SWaP). GRIN optical elements are well established for use in visible systems [1][2][3][4], but few approaches have been proposed for components in the mid-or long-wave infrared (IR) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Current GRIN fabrication has been realized with ion-exchange [11][12][13], stacking and pressing layers of differing index in either glass or polymers [5][6][7][14][15][16], and using chemical vapor deposition [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GRIN optical elements are well established for use in visible systems [1][2][3][4], but few approaches have been proposed for components in the mid-or long-wave infrared (IR) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Current GRIN fabrication has been realized with ion-exchange [11][12][13], stacking and pressing layers of differing index in either glass or polymers [5][6][7][14][15][16], and using chemical vapor deposition [17,18]. These techniques often have limitations on the geometry of index profile possible, due to the fabrication technique (i.e., diffusion) and materials used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of spatially selective refractive index modification in 15GeSe_2-45As_2Se_3-40PbSe glass ceramic through correlation of structure and optical property measurements for GRIN applications

Sisken

Smith

Buff

et al. 2017

Opt. Mater. Express

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Thermally-induced nucleation and growth of secondary crystalline phases in a parent glass matrix results in the formation of a glass ceramic. Localized, spatial control of the number density and size of the crystal phases formed can yield 'effective' properties defined approximately by the local volume fraction of each phase present. With spatial control of crystal phase formation, the resulting optical nanocomposite exhibits gradients in physical properties including gradient refractive index (GRIN) profiles. Micro-structural changes quantified via Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction have been correlated to calculated and measured refractive index modification verifying formation of an effective refractive index, n eff , with the formation of nanocrystal phases created through thermal heat treatment in a multi-component chalcogenide glass. These findings have been used to define experimental laser irradiation conditions required to induce the conversion from glass to glass ceramic, verified using simulations to model the thermal profiles needed to substantiate the gradient in nanocrystal formation. Pre-nucleated glass underwent spatially varying nanocrystal growth using bandgap laser heating, where the laser beam's thermal profile yielded a gradient in both resulting crystal phase formation and refractive index. The changes in the nanocomposite's micro-Raman signature have been quantified and correlated to crystal phases formed, the material's index change and the resulting GRIN profile. A flat, threedimensional (3D) GRIN nanocomposite focusing element created through use of this approach, is demonstrated.

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IR-GRIN optics for imaging

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Advances in infrared GRIN: a review of novel materials towards components and devices

Advances in infrared GRIN: a review of novel materials towards components and devices

Diffusion-based gradient index optics for infrared imaging

Evidence of spatially selective refractive index modification in 15GeSe_2-45As_2Se_3-40PbSe glass ceramic through correlation of structure and optical property measurements for GRIN applications

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