İran’ın Şii Afgan Göçmenleri Militan Olarak Kullanması: Liva Fatımiyun Örneği

Abstract

This study analyzes how migrants are militarized through analyzing an Iranian proxy, namely Liwa Fatemiyoun, as a case study. Liwa Fatemiyoun is a proxy group formed from migrants of the Shiite ethnic group of Afghan Hazaras by Iran. Shiite Hazaras immigrated to Iran due to ongoing civil wars in Afghanistan to find a safe haven. Numbering more than two million and crossing the borders illegally, Hazaras were recruited by the Iranian army either voluntarily or for a certain amount of money or by force. They were sent to Syria to protect holy shrines, but most of them found themselves in fronts. By analyzing the proxy group's formation, this study concludes that Iranian regime guards (IRGC) mostly conscript Afghan migrants and refugees to Liwa Fatemiyoun forcibly thereby exploiting their vulnerability and human rights. Besides, by referring to past experiences, the study asserts that Iran may also move the proxy group to Afghanistan if necessary after US troops' withdrawal. This study mainly wielded news, including those in Persian and institutional reports, and made interviews for its analysis. By examining Liwa Fatemiyoun, the study is expected to contribute to ethnoreligious migration literature from a security perspective.

Making Sense of the Global Refugee Crisis: A World-Systems Perspective on Syria and Afghanistan

“…Örneğin, Taliban, 1998 yılında Mezarı Şerif'i ele geçirince Şiilere yönelik soykırımı andıran ölçüde bir kitlesel katliama girişmiştir. 2001 yılında Bamian Eyaleti'nde 300'den fazla Şii katledilmiştir (Karataş, 2021;Akbarzadeh ve Ibrahimi, 2020).…”

“…Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'nin hızla transit ülke konumundan hedef ülke konumuna tırmandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Özellikle Afganistan kaynaklı göç ile ilgili olarak, İran'da ekonomik yaptırımlar altında Afgan göçmenlere yönelik baskının artması ve 2014 yılından itibaren Taliban'ın güçlenmesi, bu durumun ortaya çıkışında önemli bir rol oynamıştır (Çankara ve Çerez, 2020; Obayd ve Karataş, 2021).…”