“…The ranking of power in the Iranian urban management system is the same as the political system: hierarchical and top down (Fig. 2) (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). For example, the municipality cannot monitor the performance of the Environmental Protection Organization, but the Environmental Protection Agency monitors the performance of the Tehran Municipality in environmental matters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, although cultural responsibility is not one of the responsibilities of the municipality of Tehran, with its own funds the Municipality tries to build cultural spaces, theatres, and cinemas, and consequently has great bargaining power over the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.Fig. 2Top-down organisation of Urban Development Agencies in Iran and Key actors (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Top-down organisation of Urban Development Agencies in Iran and Key actors (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). …”
To achieve plural power in the urban planning scene, two distinguished parties, including both official and unofficial, should be able to interact with each other. In the absence of participation in the planning and decision-making processes, protests are a way for unofficial parties to force the government to reconsider their plans. The present research investigates the chain of power in respond to urban protests by analysing two case studies from the City of Tehran. The main research question concerned how city authorities in Tehran responded to the citizens' demands by establishing whether, through powerful organisation of the city, people can change the governance trends of city authorities, or if their demands remain ignored or only slightly slowed down the execution of the plans. This study applied Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) for analysing relations between different players (Citizens, Government, Institutions, Guilds etc.) and illustrating the structure of power in both cases. The input data includes interviews and facts from published newspapers and after calculating data with ISM, MICMAC analysis employed to explain the drive power and dependence power of players. According to the results of interpretive structural modelling, citizens' demands in both cases had only a marginal effect on the governance trends of city authorities. The results also showed that citizens were on the bottom of the power hierarchy to see their demands met.
“…The ranking of power in the Iranian urban management system is the same as the political system: hierarchical and top down (Fig. 2) (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). For example, the municipality cannot monitor the performance of the Environmental Protection Organization, but the Environmental Protection Agency monitors the performance of the Tehran Municipality in environmental matters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, although cultural responsibility is not one of the responsibilities of the municipality of Tehran, with its own funds the Municipality tries to build cultural spaces, theatres, and cinemas, and consequently has great bargaining power over the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.Fig. 2Top-down organisation of Urban Development Agencies in Iran and Key actors (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Top-down organisation of Urban Development Agencies in Iran and Key actors (Zamani and Arefi, 2013). …”
To achieve plural power in the urban planning scene, two distinguished parties, including both official and unofficial, should be able to interact with each other. In the absence of participation in the planning and decision-making processes, protests are a way for unofficial parties to force the government to reconsider their plans. The present research investigates the chain of power in respond to urban protests by analysing two case studies from the City of Tehran. The main research question concerned how city authorities in Tehran responded to the citizens' demands by establishing whether, through powerful organisation of the city, people can change the governance trends of city authorities, or if their demands remain ignored or only slightly slowed down the execution of the plans. This study applied Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) for analysing relations between different players (Citizens, Government, Institutions, Guilds etc.) and illustrating the structure of power in both cases. The input data includes interviews and facts from published newspapers and after calculating data with ISM, MICMAC analysis employed to explain the drive power and dependence power of players. According to the results of interpretive structural modelling, citizens' demands in both cases had only a marginal effect on the governance trends of city authorities. The results also showed that citizens were on the bottom of the power hierarchy to see their demands met.
“…This is even more necessary in developing countries such as Iran, where infrastructure establishment and development have to be supervised more closely and dynamically due to rapid urban expansion; respective governmental organizations ought to consider the consequences of urban planning strategies before putting them into practice (Madanipour , Ziari , Zamani and Arefi ). Despite urban growth models being developed (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduce expenditure on supplying infrastructure for the recent developed areas, and to protect the neighboring lands, which are mainly farm lands and forests (American Planning Association 2002, Bengston and Youn 2006, Gunn 2007, Acevedo et al 2008, Han et al 2009, Jokar Arsanjani et al 2013. This is even more necessary in developing countries such as Iran, where infrastructure establishment and development have to be supervised more closely and dynamically due to rapid urban expansion; respective governmental organizations ought to consider the consequences of urban planning strategies before putting them into practice (Madanipour 2006, Ziari 2006, Zamani and Arefi 2012. Despite urban growth models being developed (e.g.…”
Many methods for modeling urban expansion are available. Most of these computational models demand a variety of large‐scale environmental and socio‐economic data to investigate the relationship between urban expansion and its driving forces. These requirements are not always fulfilled, particularly in developing countries due to a lack of data availability. This necessitates methods not suffering from data limitations to ease their application. Consequently, this research presents a morphological approach for predicting urban expansion on the basis of spatiotemporal dynamics of urban margins by investigating the interior metropolitan area of Tehran, Iran as a case study. To assess the model's performance, urban expansion is monitored from 1976 to 2012. The proposed model is evaluated to ensure that the prediction performance for the year 2012 is acceptable. For the year 2024, the model predicts Tehran's urban expansion at an overall R2 of 88%. Accordingly, it is concluded that: (1) although this approach only inputs urban margins, it represents a suitable and easy‐to‐use urban expansion model; and (2) urban planners are faced with continuing urban expansion.
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