Iranian Revolutions in Comparative Perspective

Keddie, Nikki R.

doi:10.2307/1864588

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Other societal classes within Iran were not able to match the bazaar and its networks, a case without precedent in other Middle Eastern contexts. The Iranian bazaar has always been a homogenous group dominated by Shi'a Muslims (Keddie, 1983). This is in contrast to other bazaars in the region where non-Muslims played a significant economic role (Gilbar, 2003).…”

Section: The Uniqueness Of Iranian Bazaarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Social Networks as Intermediaries in Foreign Markets

2020

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We investigate how informal social networks can assist multinational firms in their internationalization strategy. We propose a refinement of the Uppsala internalization model (Johanson & Vahne, 2009) grounded in network theory, by developing an intermediate position between an ‘insider’ and an ‘outsider’ for conditions when the transformation of an outsider into an insider is limited by institutional constraints. An intermediary position represents one of the sides of ‘patron-client’ informal networks (Denoeux, 1993) whereby the other side is represented by the ‘insider’. We argue that this setup would help mitigate the Liability of Outsidership (Johanson & Vahne, 2009), a replacement of the Liability of Foreignness (Hymer, 1976; Zaheer, 1995), in the modern networked business world. We contextualize our proposition for the case of Iran, a large rising West-Asian economy with known institutional limitations, and suggest that the informal network of local merchants (bazaaries) could play an important intermediary role in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) internationalization process. We review the history of bazaaries and make a series of propositions exemplifying possible ways informal networks could influence the internationalization process. In addition to re-affirming the importance of the MNE country of origin (emerging markets, and low psychic distance with Iran), we propose that an intermediary of the Iranian bazaaries will have a positive impact on performance and survival of the MNE's subsidiary in Iran, especially in the case of incongruence of MNE's leadership with Shi'a Islam. Additionally, we suggest that employing the Iranian diaspora may also improve subsidiary performance and survival.

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Section: The Uniqueness Of Iranian Bazaarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Social Networks as Intermediaries in Foreign Markets

2020

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“…The intellectuals who opposed the Qajar rule were mostly educated in Europe or had gained knowledge of the West second hand by studying in countries such as India or Egypt. They were struck by ‘Western comparative justice and lack of arbitrary rule’ (Keddie, 1983, p. 584). As Abrahamian argues: The impact of the West during the second half of the nineteenth century undermined in two separate ways the fragile relationship between the Qajar state and Iranian society.…”

Section: Grand Social Movements Of Iran Twentieth Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Twentieth Century in Iran: Dynamics of Change, Continuity and Mobilizing Master Frames

Fadaee

2018

Journal of Developing Societies

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This article explores master frames of social movement mobilization over the course of the long twentieth century in Iran. It illustrates that while participants were diverse, democratization remained the dominant master frame of the grand social movements of the twentieth century. In this article, I present historical analyses of four social movements in Iran which demonstrate that although Iran’s integration into the capitalist world system fostered profound economic and social transformation, its political system remained comparatively unaffected. This explains why demands for political reforms served as key mobilizing frames for social movements. This continuity reveals a profound crisis of the Iranian political system, because although nationwide social movements have experienced success the state–society relationship remains fraught with contention.

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“…L'islam a soudain acquis un pouvoir explicatif qui dépasse la spécificité des événements définissant et façonnant les sociétés musulmanes, comme ces événements le font dans les autres sociétés. Najmabadi 1993 : 487 De façon générale, la littérature, après la Révolution, s'est concentrée sur la nature de la Révolution islamique, son impact sur l'économie et ses relations avec le monde extérieur (Amirahmadi 1988 @ ;Keddie 1983 @ ;Bina et Zangeneh 1992 @ ;Rosen 1985 @ ;Simpson 1988 @ ;Rahnema et Nomani 1990).…”

Section: Au-delà Des « Images » Généralesunclassified

Dans la mouvance

Ghorayshi¹

2002

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Résumé Le large corpus de travail sur la question des femmes après la Révolution islamique en Iran se concentre principalement sur les discours formels et tire des conclusions universelles à partir de la vie d’un seul segment de femmes. Cet article met l’accent sur la diversité des femmes iraniennes et se concentre sur un village agricole pour discuter des expériences des femmes rurales et examiner comment elles transforment leur vie. L’image qui ressort de l’étude de ces femmes est différente de celle qui correspond aux Iraniennes de la classe moyenne urbaine et contraste avec l’image dominante des femmes musulmanes comme retirées, voilées et passives. Les femmes de ce village font face à plusieurs sortes de rapports de domination qui s’appuient sur le capitalisme, le patriarcat, l’idéologie islamique, la génération, le genre et d’autres facteurs. Cependant, les femmes, individuellement et en tant que groupe, tentent d’améliorer leur situation. Cet article affirme qu’on doit rompre avec la tradition qui considère l’islam comme monolithique, les femmes musulmanes comme passives et les Iraniennes comme ne formant qu’une seule catégorie.

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Iranian Revolutions in Comparative Perspective

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Informal Social Networks as Intermediaries in Foreign Markets

Informal Social Networks as Intermediaries in Foreign Markets

The Long Twentieth Century in Iran: Dynamics of Change, Continuity and Mobilizing Master Frames

Dans la mouvance

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