Iraqi Experts Consensus on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes/Prediabetes in Adults

Abusaib, Mohammed; Ahmed, Mazyar Jabbar; Nwayyir, Hussein Ali; Alidrisi, Haider Ayad; Alabbood, Majid; Albayati, Ali Hussein; AL-Ibrahimi, Salim M; Al-Kharasani, Abbas Mahdi Rahmah; Al-Rubaye, Haidar; Mahwi, Taha Othman; Ashor, Ammar W.; Howlett, H. C. S.; Shakir, Mahmood; Al-Naqshbandi, Murad; Mansour, Abbas Ali

doi:10.1177/1179551420942232

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The healthcare system from where this patient series comes from is one that has a priority focus on hospital-based curative care and significantly less funding for the provision of primary care in the community [ 20 ]. An overloaded primary care service reduces a patient’s ability to both receive input into the management of a key risk factor like diabetes and to see a clinician early in an acute episode of disease [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Ten-Year Single Centre Case Series

Balai

Mummadi

Jolly

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Ten-Year Single Centre Case Series

Balai

Mummadi

Jolly

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2019 in the Middle East was 12.2% and is estimated to increase to 15.7% by 2045 [1]. In Iraq, the prevalence of T2DM in 2018 ranged from 8.5% to 13.9% [2]. Generally, T2DM can be managed by one or a combination of strategies, including lifestyle modification, insulin administration, or use of anti-diabetic medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers of Doctors and Patients in Starting Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Alidrisi

Bohan

Mansour

2021

Cureus

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BackgroundManagement of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may involve insulin therapy. However, this treatment may be avoided or delayed by physicians or patients due to the presence of certain barriers. This study aimed to evaluate the barriers to initiating insulin therapy for both physicians and patients with T2DM. MethodThis was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Data related to the physicians' personal and professional experience were collected, and 15 barriers to initiating insulin therapy were scored by each physician on a four-point Likert scale. Also, the patients' general data were collected, including previous insulin experience, discontinuation reason, and willingness to start insulin therapy if indicated. Twenty-one other barriers were examined with yes/no questions as well. ResultsFor physicians, the patient's treatment compliance, motive, dependence on others for insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, socioeconomic status, occupation, and lack of follow-up were the most highly ranked barriers to initiating insulin therapy. A history of insulin use was reported in 42 (20.7%) patients, 31 of whom had decided to discontinue insulin therapy themselves (73.8%). The three most common reasons for discontinuing insulin therapy among patients were deterioration of T2DM and causing complications, hypoglycemia, and needle injections. Based on the findings, 99 (48.8%) patients were willing to start insulin therapy, if indicated. The family history of insulin therapy was positively correlated with the patient's willingness to start insulin. On the other hand, it was negatively correlated with a low educational level and some barriers to insulin therapy, such as fear of death, dependence on others, the difficulty of carrying insulin while traveling, follow-up challenges, the difficulty of dosing accuracy, the difficulty of keeping insulin, inconveniences in daily life, considering insulin as the last resort, the deterioration of T2DM with insulin, and social stigma. ConclusionThe physicians believed that the barriers to initiating insulin therapy were mainly related to the patient's attitudes and thoughts about this therapy. While hypoglycemia and weight gain are well-known side effects of insulin therapy, the most important patient-related barriers to insulin therapy were related to its impact on the patient's social life and misperceptions about the side effects of insulin.

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“…In the case of the type of medication, all the pharmacologic alternatives presented a significant ES reduction but when participants with lifestyle modification without medication were included, the results were not satisfactory. these facts again imply the importance of an integrated treatment where it is necessary to combine healthy lifestyle with exercise and pharmacologic treatment for better t2d control [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chronic High Intensity Interval Training on glycosylated haemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

Arrieta-Leandro¹,

Hernández-Elizondo²,

Díaz³

2021

Hum Mov.

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type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence all over the world. the treatment includes an integral intervention with medical treatment, healthy diet, and regular exercise. High Intensity Interval training has been recently proposed as part of this treatment to improve glycaemic control. the aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of High Intensity Interval training on glycosylated haemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes during at least 12 weeks of intervention. the search was performed in EbSCOHost, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EMbASE. A total of 250 records were obtained and 22 studies met the inclusion criteria to be meta-analysed. the results showed that High Intensity Interval training could significantly lower glycosylated haemoglobin; in the sedentary control group, glycosylated haemoglobin significantly increased, making glycaemic control worse. the improvement of glycosylated haemoglobin with High Intensity Interval training can be influenced by diet, intensity of the intervals, and age. there were some limitations because of lack of control group and appropriate information in some studies. An adequate prescription program should be developed by a qualified professional to ensure best results.

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Iraqi Experts Consensus on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes/Prediabetes in Adults

Cited by 40 publications

References 55 publications

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Ten-Year Single Centre Case Series

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Ten-Year Single Centre Case Series

Barriers of Doctors and Patients in Starting Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effect of chronic High Intensity Interval Training on glycosylated haemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

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