Iridium and platinum complexes for OLEDs

Gildea, Louise F.; Williams, J. A. Gareth

doi:10.1533/9780857098948.1.77

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…From a simple molecular model, the distance, r, between the Pt and Ir metal centres in 6 is measured to be around 18.4 Å. Using this value in conjunction with the Förster radius, the rate of Förster energy transfer is calculated through equation [4], where τ D is the lifetime of the Ir complex 3.…”

Section: (Iv) Energy Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These complexes have been used to construct a variety of devices including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), [1][2][3][4] chemical sensors, [5][6][7] bioimaging agents, 8 and nonlinear optical systems. [9][10] The large spin-orbit coupling constant of such metal ions, particularly those from the 3 rd row, can lead to efficient phosphorescence from triplet states, even at room temperature, a process rarely possible in all-organic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A heterotrimetallic Ir(iii), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complex incorporating cyclometallating bi- and tridentate ligands: simultaneous emission from different luminescent metal centres leads to broad-band light emission

et al. 2015

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Citation for published item:wu£ nozEodr¡ %guezD F nd fu£ nuelD iF nd puentesD xF nd illimsD tFeFqF nd g¡ rdensD hFtF @PHISA 9e heterotrimetlli sr@sssAD eu@sssA nd t@ssA omplex inorporting ylometllting iE nd tridentte lignds X simultneous emission from di'erent luminesent metl entres leds to rodEnd light emissionF9D hlton trnstionsFD RR @IVAF ppF VQWREVRHSF Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Di-and tri-nuclear metal complexes incorporating gold(III), iridium(III) and platinum(II) units linked via a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene core are reported, together with the corresponding mononuclear complexes as models. The gold(III) and platinum(II) units comprise tridentate, cyclometallating, C^N^C and N^N^C-coordinating ligands respectively, with the Ar-C≡C-directly bound to the metal at the fourth coordination site. The iridium moiety is an Ir(ppy) 2 (acac) unit bound to the triethynylbenzene through a phenyl substituent at the 3-position of the acac ligand. The multinuclear compounds are prepared using a modular synthetic strategy from the monometallic complexes. All of the compounds are luminescent in solution at room temperature, and their photophysical properties have been studied. The triplet excited state energies of the mononuclear complexes lie in the order Au > Ir > Pt. Consistent with this order, energy transfer from Au to Ir and from Au to Pt is observed, leading to quenching of the Au emission in the gold-containing multinuclear complexes. Energy transfer from Ir to Pt occurs at a rate that only partially quenches the Ir-based emission. As a result, the dinuclear Ir-Pt and trinuclear Au-Ir-Pt complexes display broad emission across most of the visible region of the spectrum.

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Section: (Iv) Energy Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A heterotrimetallic Ir(iii), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complex incorporating cyclometallating bi- and tridentate ligands: simultaneous emission from different luminescent metal centres leads to broad-band light emission

et al. 2015

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“…Within the last two decades, complexes of mainly the heavy transition metals have been the focus of intense research activities devoted to the fields of light emitting devices, [1][2][3][4][5][6] bioimaging, 5,7-9 sensing 5,10-14 or sensitisation. [15][16][17] One major advantage of metal complexes when compared to purely organic emitters is their ability to trigger long-lived phosphorescence at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual ligand-based fluorescence and phosphorescence emission at room temperature from platinum thioxanthonyl complexes

2015

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New square-planar platinum(II) complexes of the type trans-[Pt(PEt3)2(Tx)(X)] (X = Br, Cl, I or CN) bearing a σ-bonded thioxanthon-2-yl (Tx) ligand have been prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and by NMR and electronic absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. The ligand X hardly influences the electronic transitions, which indicates that the relevant molecular orbitals are largely confined to the Pt-Tx chromophore. In agreement with TD-DFT calculations the energetically lowest electronic transition is assigned as the Tx-centred π→π* HOMO → LUMO excitation. All four complexes display dual emission from the σ-bonded Tx ligand at ca. 450 nm and at ca. 510 nm, which are assigned as fluorescence originating from the (1)π*-state and as phosphorescence originating from the (3)π*-state, respectively. The phosphorescence quantum yield increases with increasing σ-donor strength of the ligand X and reaches a uniquely high value of 18.8% for the chlorido complex Pt-Cl. Switching-on of Tx phosphorescence emission by the Pt(PEt3)2(X) fragment goes along with a reduction of the lifetime of the Tx triplet state from several ms in purely organic derivatives to ca. 2 μs in the complexes.

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“…Phosphorescent organometallic complexes have been widely applied in the field of phosphors for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), including white-light OLEDs (WOLEDs) [1,4,[59][60][61][62]. A wide range of different metals and ligands in various combinations have been synthesised and studied both in solution and in devices.…”

Section: Emission Properties Of Metal Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in the field of OLEDs, metal complexes are required that display phosphorescent emission from triplet states with very high efficiency (i.e. high luminescence quantum yield) and with well-defined and tunable emission maxima for use in red-green-blue (RGB) displays [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Theory in the Design of Organometallics for Energy Conversion

Freeman

Williams

2015

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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Theoretical methods based on density functional theory (DFT) and timedependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) are increasingly used to rationalise the excited-state properties of metal complexes and to help guide the design of new materials. This chapter provides a brief introduction of the background to such methods, highlighting some of the features that need to be considered, such as the ability of functionals to deal with charge-transfer states and the challenges associated with triplet-state calculations. Examples are drawn from recent studies on (1) the ground-state and light absorption properties of ruthenium(II) complexes as sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) and (2) IntroductionMetal complexes and organometallics play a key role in many devices for energy conversion, particularly those where light is involved. For example, in the new generation of display screen equipment and energy-efficient lighting -organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) -the use of complexes of heavy transition metals as phosphorescent emitters allows large gains in efficiency through the harvesting of otherwise wasted triplet states [1]. Meanwhile, in the reverse process of light-toelectrical energy conversion, metal complexes that absorb light to generate chargetransfer states are at the forefront of research into dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) [2]. Metal complexes with long excited-state lifetimes and that are strong excitedstate oxidants or reductants also attract attention in the field of 'artificial photosynthesis' (AP) -the conversion of light-to-chemical energy, for example, in

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Iridium and platinum complexes for OLEDs

Cited by 38 publications

References 76 publications

A heterotrimetallic Ir(iii), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complex incorporating cyclometallating bi- and tridentate ligands: simultaneous emission from different luminescent metal centres leads to broad-band light emission

A heterotrimetallic Ir(iii), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complex incorporating cyclometallating bi- and tridentate ligands: simultaneous emission from different luminescent metal centres leads to broad-band light emission

Dual ligand-based fluorescence and phosphorescence emission at room temperature from platinum thioxanthonyl complexes

Density Functional Theory in the Design of Organometallics for Energy Conversion

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