Iridium Chemistry and Its Catalytic Applications: A Brief

Abstract

Iridium is very important element among the all transition metals with highest reported oxidation state i.e. +9 in gas phase existing species IrO4+. Instead of its less reactivity, it forms number of compounds having oxidation states between -3 to +9. It is second known densest element after osmium. Till now its toxicity and environmental impact is not much more reported and thus it may be use as green element in various fields of its application. Reason behinds it’s less toxicity and environmental impact may be due to its less reactivity and solubility. Corrosion and heat resistant properties of Iridium makes it much more useful element for alloying purpose. Iridium is the member of platinum family and used as catalyst due to its variable oxidation states. Iridium(III) complexes show great catalytic activity in both the acidic and basic medium for various organic as well as inorganic chemical transformations. Catalyst may be defined as the substance which can increases the rate of reaction of a specific chemical reaction without changing its own composition. Iridium is only one reported catalyst which is able to capture the sunlight and convert it into the chemical energy. Thus, it may be used in artificial photosynthesis process to solve our future food problem. Instead of these advantage, Iridium chemistry and its catalytic activity is not much reviewed till date, therefore, present review includes a brief introduction about chemistry and catalytic application of Iridium, which proof itself a boon for beginners to start their research career in the field of Iridium chemistry.

Exsolution of Catalytically Active Iridium Nanoparticles from Strontium Titanate

“…24,[31][32][33][34] Additionally, Ir is characterized by low toxicity and environmental impact. 35 However, scarcity and high cost of the material limit the use of Ir-based catalysts, requiring smart design to obtain high performance and increased stability, while limiting the amount of noble metal required. 36 A possible approach would be, therefore, to improve catalyst morphologies to expose large surface areas.…”

“…The commonly used catalysts are Pt, Rh, and Pd deposited on oxide supports, , which, even though highly active, suffer from sintering and poisoning . Although belonging to the same group of metals, iridium has not been extensively studied in this context; however, some reports have demonstrated its high activity for automotive exhaust and in particular for CO oxidation. ,− Additionally, Ir is characterized by its low toxicity and environmental impact . However, scarcity and high cost of the material limit the use of Ir-based catalysts, requiring a smart design to obtain high performance and increased stability, while limiting the amount of noble metal required .…”

Radical scavenging capacity, antibacterial activity, and quantum chemical aspects of the spectrophotometrically investigated iridium (III) complex with benzopyran derivative

“…Iridium, in addition to its unique electronic arrangement, has minimal toxicity and environmental impact, making it a green element. Due to their unique characteristics, iridium and its complexes have a wide range of applications, including industrial, medical, and catalysis (Singh, 2016). Besides this, iridium and its complexes are used in electrical and electrochemical operations, in energy production, as anticancer agents, and for the fixation and conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into useful products (Singh, 2016).…”

New advanced SiC-based composite materials for use in highly oxidizing environments: Synthesis of SiC/IrSi3

“…In fact, Ir exhibits a unique set of properties almost meeting the key requirements in a wide range of highly demanding applications [26], such as the high melting temperature (2446°C) [27], high specific strength at high temperature, remarkable oxidation and corrosion resistance. To now, Ir is already used in catalysis [28,29], to manufacture high temperature crucibles, for dental implants and jewellery, for sensors [30] and electronic devices working at high temperatures (dimensionally stable anodes) [31]. Ir is used also as hardening agent for other metals, (such as Pt [32]) and multicomponent alloys [33].…”