Iridium NHC Based Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation Processes Using Glycerol as Solvent and Hydrogen Donor

Abstract

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Glycerol: A promising Green Solvent and Reducing Agent for Metal-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions and Nanoparticles Formation

“…A series of Ir(III) and Ir(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands 2-5 ( Figure 2) were studied by Mata and co-workers as potential catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in glycerol [50,51]. In the presence of KOH (1 equivalents), all of them (2.5 mol% of Ir) were active in the reduction of acetophenone and benzaldehyde, leading to the desired alcohols in low to excellent yields after 7 h of heating in an oil-bath at 120 °C [51].…”

Lactic acid and hydrogen from glycerol via acceptorless dehydrogenation using homogeneous catalysts

“…An analogous mechanistic pathway to that proposed by Crabtree et al for lactic acid formation has been postulated. Remarkably, industrial glycerol (86-88% purity) was converted using complex reduction of ketones [57,58]. In previous reports from Crabtree and coworkers, bis(carbene)iridium complexes proved highly active in hydrogen transfer of carbonyl compounds [59][60][61].…”

Recent Advances in the Use of Glycerol as Green Solvent for Synthetic Organic Chemistry

“…Figure 3), as potential catalysts for the TH of carbonyl compounds in glycerol [76,77]. Combined with KOH (1 equiv.…”

“…Combined with KOH (1 equiv. ), and performing the catalytic reactions at 120 ºC (oil bath heating), all the complexes 30-33 (2.5 mol% of Ir) were able to reduce acetophenone and benzaldehyde to the corresponding alcohols after 7 h [76].…”

“…Complex 31 was particularly active with both substrates and also proved effective in the reduction of benzophenone (91% yield after 20 h) [76]. The catalytic behavior of complexes 30-33 in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and benzaldehyde was also explored employing MW and US activation [77].…”