Irisin promotes odontogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential in human dental pulp cells

Abstract

Aim To determine whether irisin, a newly discovered myokine that links exercise‐induced and metabolic homeostasis, is able to promote odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Methodology Cell viability in the presence of irisin was measured. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression levels of irisin, odontogenic and angiogenic markers. The involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway was evaluated by Western blot. To evaluate mineralization nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red S staining were performed. Scratch wound assays were performed to evaluate the effects of irisin on cell migration. The data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) followed by Tukey post hoc test and Student’s t‐test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results Irisin significantly promoted odontogenic differentiation as evidenced by formation of mineralized nodules, induction of ALP activity and upregulation of odontogenic and angiogenic markers (P < 0.05). Scratch wound assays revealed that irisin significantly increased migration of HDPCs (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of both MAPK and Akt was increased by irisin. MAPK and Akt inhibitors inhibited mineralization, cell migration and the increased expression of odontogenic and angiogenic markers. Conclusions Irisin promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization and has the potential for angiogenesis through activation of the MAPK and Akt signalling pathways in HDPCs.

Odontogenic Effect of Icariin on the Human Dental Pulp Cells

“…MAPK signaling cascades have been proven to be related to a diverse array of cellular programs which include cellular migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [ 35 , 36 ]. Our recent publication has demonstrated that the MAPK signaling pathway can positively influence odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs [ 21 , 37 , 38 ]. Results of the present showed that icariin increased phosphorylation levels of JNK, p38, and ERK within 10 min of induction.…”

The Role of the Myokine Irisin in the Protection and Carcinogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract

“…Existing evidence suggests that recreational physical activity may have a protective effect on periodontal health [60,61]. Indeed, current in vitro studies reveal the involvement of irisin in differentiation, growth, and migration, as well as extracellular matrix formation in various dental cell lines [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. It has been reported that the p38 MAPK and AKT signaling pathways are involved in irisin's effects [62,65,72].…”

Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration: State of the Art

“…It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to increase energy expenditure, reduce fat mass, and improve metabolic health [ 87 ]. Son et al investigated and demonstrated that myokine Irisin promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by inducing mineralized nodule formation, enhancing ALP activity, and upregulating odontogenic markers [ 25 ]. Moreover, the researchers evaluated a significant increase in DPSC migration through scratch wound tests.…”

“…Irisin ( Figure 3 ), a myokine recently identified, stimulates migration, growth, osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs [ 25 , 125 ]. An important role of irisin has been demonstrated in bone remodeling and in fracture healing [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 ].…”