Despite the lack of another Flagship-class mission like Cassini-Huygens, prospects for the future exploration of Saturn are nevertheless encouraging. Both NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are exploring the possibilities of focused interplanetary missions to (1) drop one or more in-situ atmospheric entry probes into Saturn and (2) explore the satellites Titan and Enceladus which would provide opportunities for both in-situ investigations of Saturn's magnetosphere and detailed remote-sensing observations of Saturn. Additionally, a new generation of powerful Earth-based and near-Earth telescopes with advanced instrumentation spanning the ultraviolet to the far-infrared promise to provide systematic observations of Saturn's seasonally-changing composition and thermal structure, cloud structures and wind fields. Finally, new advances in amateur telescopic observations brought on largely by the availability of low-cost powerful computers, low-noise, large-format cameras, and attendant sophisticated software promise to provide regular observations of Saturn in remarkable detail. This document is of particular importance as it has been adopted by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as the primary guiding document for the Directorate's strategic planning of planetary exploration for the current decadal period of 2013-2023. In our discussion, we provide additional details on the major science priorities, especially regarding the need to make measurements diagnostic of the planet's origin and evolution. 14.2.1 Priority Science Goals of the Cassini Grand Finale Mission In orbit since July 1, 2004, the Cassini Orbiter began its final phase of science investigations in December, 2016. Entitled the Grand Finale-as it concludes with a 34km/s plunge into Saturn on September 15, 2017-the Cassini Orbiter will spend its final five months circling the planet in a highly elliptical, highly inclined orbit, diving 22 times inside the innermost rings to fly swiftly (> 36 km/s) past the planet just ~2,000 km above its equatorial cloud tops (Fig. 14.1). These novel orbits are achieved by a gravitational kick from Titan in April 2017 that jumps the spacecraft's periapsis (i.e., the closest point to Saturn's center) from just outside Saturn's main rings some 87,000 km above the cloudtops into the clear gap between the innermost D ring and the upper atmosphere. The unique observational geometry allows Cassini to gather unprecedented close-up views of the planet and its rings, while also obtaining in-situ samples of gases, dust, plasma, and magnetic fields. Altogether, the unique data collected during the Grand Finale phase addresses key issues about Saturn, its rings, and its innermost plasma environment similar to those being addressed by the Juno mission at Jupiter, thus promising new synergistic insights into how each formed, evolved, and works today.