Iron, 1. Fundamentals and Principles of Reduction Processes

Oeters, Franz; Ottow, Manfred; Senk, Dieter; Beyzavi, Ali; Güntner, Jochen; Lüngen, Hans Bodo; Koltermann, Manfred; Buhr, Andreas

doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_461.pub5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The industrial practice is to blend siderite with other highgrade ores in the sinter plant. 15,16 During the sintering process, siderite is converted to hematite Fe 2 O 3 through roasting in air according to eqn (1). The sinter product is fed to the blast furnace where it is reduced with coal via CO, producing at least 1.5 mole CO 2 per mole of iron due to the stoichiometry of reaction (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable iron production from mineral iron carbonate and hydrogen

2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable iron production from mineral iron carbonate and hydrogen

2016

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Hydrogenation of Inorganic Metal Carbonates: A Review on Its Potential for Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Emission Reduction

2018

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Carbonaceous minerals represent a valuable and abundant resource. Their exploitation is based on decarboxylation at elevated temperature and under oxidizing conditions, which inevitably release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Hydrogenation of inorganic metal carbonates opens up a new pathway for processing several metal carbonates. Preliminary experimental studies revealed significant advantages over conventional isolation technologies. Under a reducing hydrogen atmosphere, the temperature of decarboxylation is significantly lower. Carbon dioxide is not directly released into the atmosphere, but may be reduced to carbon monoxide, methane, and higher hydrocarbons, which adds value to the overall process. Apart from metal oxides in different oxidation states, metals in their elemental form may also be obtained if transition‐metal carbonates are processed under a hydrogen atmosphere. This review summarizes the most important findings and fields of the application of metal carbonate hydrogenation to elucidate the need for a detailed investigation into optimized process conditions for large‐scale applications.

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Iron Carbonate Beneficiation Through Reductive Calcination – Parameter Optimization to Maximize Methane Formation

et al. 2019

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Direct iron carbonate reduction through reductive calcination in a hydrogen atmosphere is a high‐potential candidate for environmentally benign pig iron production. In addition to the direct formation of elemental iron in one reaction step, carbon dioxide is only partially released from the carbonate. Instead, carbon monoxide, methane, and higher hydrocarbons form as gaseous reaction products. The experimental study described here is based on Mg‐Mn substituted iron carbonate ore. First, the chemical thermodynamics of the reductive calcination of iron, magnesium, and manganese carbonate are discussed. The influence of temperature and pressure on equilibrium conversion is reviewed together with the accessible products. Results for the reductive calcination of mineral iron carbonate in a tubular reactor setup are presented. The methane yield was optimized via statistically planned design of experiments. The gauge pressure and temperature showed a statistically significant effect on the total iron carbonate conversion, as well as on carbon monoxide, and methane yield.

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Iron, 1. Fundamentals and Principles of Reduction Processes

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Sustainable iron production from mineral iron carbonate and hydrogen

Sustainable iron production from mineral iron carbonate and hydrogen

Hydrogenation of Inorganic Metal Carbonates: A Review on Its Potential for Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Emission Reduction

Iron Carbonate Beneficiation Through Reductive Calcination – Parameter Optimization to Maximize Methane Formation

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