Iron and zinc in hydrolised fractions of human milk and infant formulas using an in vitro method

Bermejo, Pilar; Peña, E.; Domı́nguez, Raquel; Bermejo, A.; Cocho, José A.; Fraga, José M.

doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00111-5

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In vitro methods are a good alternative to in vivo techniques for evaluating mineral bioavailability in infant foods and are generally based on simulation of gastrointestinal digestion followed by determination of how much of the zinc is soluble13, 14 or dialyzes4, 13, 15–19 through a membrane of a certain pore size. The solubility or dialyzability of the element can be used to establish trends in the bioavailability or relative bioavailability values of zinc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Assembly of a 2D Binary Network of Pentacene and Phthalocyanine on Cu(100)

et al. 2009

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A crystalline nanoporous molecular network was tailored by supramolecular assembly of pentacene and F16CuPc on Cu(100). The structure and self-assembly mechanisms of the pure and binary layers were analyzed by STM. F16CuPc films and mixed layers of pentacene/F16CuPc in a ratio of 2:1 show two enantiomorphic chiral domains with high structural order in contrast to pentacene which exhibits no long-range order in pure films. A model of the epitaxial relationship on Cu(100) is given, which suggests C-F...H bonding as a possible driving force for the bimolecular self-assembly in addition to the still strong interaction between the substrate and the organic bilayer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Assembly of a 2D Binary Network of Pentacene and Phthalocyanine on Cu(100)

et al. 2009

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“…In a recent in vitro study, performed at newborn gastric pH, it was concluded that zinc bioavailability from breast milk samples was higher than that associated to infant formulas. 42 Bovine powdered milk, although containing lower values than baby formulas for lactents, also presented high values, with which lactents under six months old, exclusively feeding on this product, would reach UL. This milk presented 18% of the UL in one serving in month 0, 24% in the 1 st month, 33% in the 2 nd month, 37% in the 3 rd month, 41% in the 4 rth month and 43% of the UL in the 5 th month, meaning that lactents consuming 4 daily servings of this food product are at toxicity risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Iron, copper and zinc in substitute foods for maternal milk: comparison with infant nutritional requirements

Moraes

Feijo

Melo

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este estudo objetivou investigar os teores de ferro, cobre e zinco de fórmulas infantis para lactentes e leites em pó, disponíveis no mercado, realizando uma análise comparativa entre os teores encontrados, a ingestão diária recomendada (IDR) e a ingestão diária máxima tolerável (IDMT). A determinação dos elementos traço foi realizada por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os teores de ferro, cobre e zinco variaram em uma ampla faixa, dependendo do produto, apresentando-se algumas vezes abaixo da IDR (ferro) e outras acima (zinco), ultrapassando o IDMT, o que compromete o uso confiável destes alimentos a longo prazo, principalmente em dietas monótonas.This study aimed to investigate iron, copper and zinc contents in baby formulas for lactents and powdered milk, conducting a comparative analysis between the observed values, the dietary reference intake (DRI) and the tolerable upper intake level (UL). The determination of these trace elements was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Iron, copper and zinc values varied in a wide concentration range, depending on the product. They were sometimes below the DRI (iron) and sometimes above it (zinc), surpassing the UL, compromising the reliable use of these food products in the long run, especially in monotonous diets.Keywords: trace elements, baby formulas for lactents, powdered milk, infant requirements, atomic spectrometry IntroductionExclusive maternal feeding until the child is six months old, and from then on, the inclusion of complementary foods in the child's diet available in the family unit is the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children worldwide. 1 This recommendation is based on the knowledge that, until the child is six months old, exclusive feeding on maternal milk is enough to satisfy the child's nutritional requirements, besides favoring protection against diseases. 2 After this age, the inclusion of complementary foods in the child's feeding schedule aims, mainly, to elevate energy and micronutrient quotas, maintaining breast feeding until the child is 12 or 24 months old. [1][2][3] There is evidence that weaning is intense and occurs very precociously. 4 The introduction of complementary food ingestion happens very early in the child's life, and these foods are offered in insufficient quantities to reach nutritional requirements, especially micronutrient requirements. 1 Studies point out that the early offer of milks and baby formulas for lactents are predictors of early weaning. 2 Inadequate complementary food is a major cause of the high prevalence of malnutrition in the developing world. 5 It is observed that, although greater intakes of complementary foods are associated with higher total energy intake, micronutrient intake remains low due to the low micronutrient concentration of these complementary foods. 6 Minerals are micronutrients with an important role in childhood growth and development. 7 Iron, copper and zinc are necessary in daily amounts much lower than 100 mg, Moraes et al. 1725 Vol. 20...

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“…Pepsin (final conc. 0AE2 g l )1 ) was added after SGJ sterilization (Bermejo et al 2002). Fresh cell pellets (18-h-old cultures) or dried ⁄ rehydrated microcapsules were added to SGJ and incubated for 60 and 120 min at 37°C under agitation.…”

Section: Microparticle Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whey protein coating bead improves the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 to low pH

Gerez¹,

Valdez²,

Gigante

et al. 2012

Letters in Applied Microbiology

101

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Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel microencapsulation procedure using whey protein and pectin to improve the survival rate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 to low pH and bile. Methods and Results: Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 was encapsulated by ionotropic gelation using pectin (PE) and pectin–whey protein (PE–WP). Both types of beads (MCPE/WP and MCPE–WP/WP) were covered with a layer of whey protein by complex coacervation. The noncapsulated lactobacilli were not sensitive to bile salts but to acid. Both microparticles protected Lact. rhamnosus CRL 1505 at pH 2·0, but only MCPE/WP was effective at pH 1·2. Conclusions: The combination of ionotropic gelation and complex coacervation techniques is efficient to obtain microcapsules of pectin covered with whey proteins. The MCPE/WP beads were more stable than the MCPE–WP/WP beads in simulated gastric conditions, thus offering better protection to Lact. rhamnosus CRL 1505 at low pH. Significance and Impact of the Study: Pectin beads with a whey protein layer (MCPE/WP) could be used as probiotic carrier in functional foods of low pH (e.g. apple juice), thus protecting Lact. rhamnosus CRL 1505 against the stressful conditions of the gastric tract.

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Iron and zinc in hydrolised fractions of human milk and infant formulas using an in vitro method

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Supramolecular Assembly of a 2D Binary Network of Pentacene and Phthalocyanine on Cu(100)

Supramolecular Assembly of a 2D Binary Network of Pentacene and Phthalocyanine on Cu(100)

Iron, copper and zinc in substitute foods for maternal milk: comparison with infant nutritional requirements

Whey protein coating bead improves the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 to low pH

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