Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Theranostic Carrier for Local Tuberculosis Therapy

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of the study was initial evaluation of applicability of metal organic framework (MOF) Fe-MIL-101-NH2 as a theranostic carrier of antituberculous drug in terms of its functionality, i.e. drug loading, drug dissolution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and cytotoxic safety.MethodsFe-MIL-101-NH2 was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size analysis was determined using laser diffraction. Magnetic resonance relaxometry and MRI were carried out on phantoms of the MOF system suspended in polymer solution. Drug dissolution studies were conducted using Franz cells. For MOF cytotoxicity, commercially available fibroblasts L929 were cultured in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.ResultsMOF particles were loaded with 12% of isoniazid. The particle size (3.37–6.45 μm) depended on the micronization method used. The proposed drug delivery system can also serve as the MRI contrast agent. The drug dissolution showed extended release of isoniazid. MOF particles accumulated in the L929 fibroblast cytoplasmic area, suggesting MOF release the drug inside the cells. The cytotoxicity confirmed safety of MOF system.ConclusionsThe application of MOF for extended release inhalable system proposes the novel strategy for delivery of standard antimycobacterial agents combined with monitoring of their distribution within the lung tissue.

Compartmentalized Encapsulation of Two Antibiotics in Porous Nanoparticles: an Efficient Strategy to Treat Intracellular Infections

“…As observed for single drug encapsulation, coincorporation of AMOX and CL neither altered the nanoMOF crystalline structure (identical X‐ray diffraction patterns, Figure S2, Supporting Information) nor their morphology (Figure b). After coincorporation of both drugs at their maximal loadings (13 and 22 wt% for AMOX and CL, respectively) there was less than 10% variation of the mean NP diameters (273 ± 23 and 298 ± 9 nm, before and after drug loading, respectively).…”

An Inhalable Theranostic System for Local Tuberculosis Treatment Containing an Isoniazid Loaded Metal Organic Framework Fe-MIL-101-NH2—From Raw MOF to Drug Delivery System

“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials whose structures are built by inorganic single ion or ion cluster nodes joined together by organic linkers [26,27]. Their characteristic feature is the presence of a metal center, which may be a paramagnetic cation (e.g., iron), responsible for the MRI contrast property [28,29]. In our previous study, we presented the possibility of application of Fe-MIL-101-NH 2 MOF, consisting of Fe (III) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid, as a controlled release carrier for isoniazid (INH) and an MRI contrast agent [29].…”

“…Their characteristic feature is the presence of a metal center, which may be a paramagnetic cation (e.g., iron), responsible for the MRI contrast property [28,29]. In our previous study, we presented the possibility of application of Fe-MIL-101-NH 2 MOF, consisting of Fe (III) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid, as a controlled release carrier for isoniazid (INH) and an MRI contrast agent [29]. The results suggest that Fe-MIL-101-NH 2 loaded with the drug can serve as an effective MRI contrast agent and can be used as a foundation for constructing actual drug delivery systems.…”

Application of Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Metal Organic Framework: Novel Carrier for Drug Delivery

“…This simple technology leads to the synthesis of crystalline MOFs. with literature [25]. Further, infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode was performed for the characterization of MIL-101-NH 2 .…”

“…Fig. 5 shows the characteristic peak of MIL-101-NH 2 at 1369, 1533, and 3591 cm −1 corresponds to C-N stretch C-O stretching and N-H vibration, respectively [25,26].…”