Iron‐Catalyzed Furfural Production in Biobased Biphasic Systems: From Pure Sugars to Direct Use of Crude Xylose Effluents as Feedstock

Stein, Thorsten vom; Grande, Philipp M.; Leitner, Walter; Marı́a, Pablo Domı́nguez de

doi:10.1002/cssc.201100259

Cited by 109 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…5 Under these conditions the less-structured regions (mainly hemicelluloses) are exclu-sively depolymerized to liberate the monomeric sugars (mostly xylose in case of beech wood) into the aqueous phase. Xylose, which remains in solution, can be directly converted into furfural, 11 or fermented to produce itaconic acid 12 without the need for further purification or isolation. formation of furans) that are known to occur in a significant extent only at temperatures higher than 150°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using the OrganoCat process

et al. 2015

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The fractionation of lignocellulose in its three main components, hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose pulp can be achieved in a biphasic system comprising water and bio-based 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) as solvents and oxalic acid as catalyst at mild temperatures (up to 140°C). This so-called Organo-Cat concept relies on selective hemicellulose depolymerization to form an aqueous stream of the corresponding carbohydrates, whereas solid cellulose pulp remains suspended and the disentangled lignin is to a large extent extracted in situ with the organic phase. In the present paper, it is demonstrated that biomass loadings of 100 g L −1 can be efficiently fractionated within 3 h whereby the mild conditions assure that no significant amounts of by-products (e.g. furans) are formed. Removing the solid pulp by filtration allows to re-use the water and organic phase without product separation in repetitive batch mode. In this way, (at least) 400 g L −1 biomass can be processed in 4 cycles, leading to greatly improved biomass-to-catalyst and biomass-to-solvent ratios. Economic analysis of the process reveals that the improved biomass loading significantly reduces capital and energy costs in the solvent recycle, indicating the importance of process integration for potential implementation. The procedure was successfully scaled-up from the screening on bench scale to 3 L reactor. The feedstock flexibility was assessed for biomasses containing moderate-to-high hemicellulose content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using the OrganoCat process

et al. 2015

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“…In parallel, AlCl 3 and FeCl 3 , possessing the abundant and cheap characteristic, had received considerable attentions for the production of HMF and furfural or the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials Liu et al, 2009;Mao et al, 2013;vom Stein et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013), which achieved satisfactory results. Additionally, stannic chlorides (II, IV) were also regarded as the excellent chloride catalysts.…”

Section: Screening Of Metal Chlorides In the Single Aqueous Systemmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Water-immiscible organic solvents, for example, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) (vom Stein et al, 2011), cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) (Campos Molina et al, 2012) and 2-sec-butylphenol (SBP) (Guerbuez et al, 2012) have been proposed as the extracting organic layer in the biphasic system to continuously extract furfural from the reactive aqueous phase to enhance partitioning. Therefore, biphasic systems could improve the yield and selectivity of furfural and separate furfural from the reactant sugars and acidic catalysts in the aqueous phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among various extracting solvents, 2-MTHF has been paid particular attentions because it can be derived based on lignocelluloses and easily be separated due to the low solubility of 2-MTHF in water, the stability in acid or base conditions, low toxicity, easy recycling and environmentally friendly features, so 2-MTHF is a green solvent for the two-phase reaction. vom Stein et al (2011) reported the H 2 O/2-MTHF biphasic system for the xylose dehydration into furfural using FeCl 3 Á6H 2 O as a catalyst and NaCl as the additive. Effective dehydration in the aqueous phase is combined with in situ extraction of furfural into the 2-MTHF phase, thus reducing humin formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct transformation of xylan-type hemicelluloses to furfural via SnCl4 catalysts in aqueous and biphasic systems

Wang

Ren

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

118

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“…Grande et al investigated the combination of enzymes and bio-based acids for conversion of glucose into HMF in seawater [14]. Vom Stein et al [35] used FeCl 3 Á6H 2 O, NaCl and seawater as an additive for furfural production in a biobased biphasic system. These results provide useful and sustainable synergies for future biorefineries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined catalysis of oxalic acid and seawater on the kinetics of xylose and arabinose dehydration to furfural

Hongsiri

Danon

Jong

2014

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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It is known that both acids and salts have a positive catalytic effect on the dehydration of pentoses to form furfural, a potentially attractive platform chemical. In this study the effects of the combined usage of an organic acid, instead of stronger mineral acids, and a saline catalyst is investigated. In order to assess these effects, the kinetics of pentose dehydration to furfural are studied using oxalic acid as the primary catalyst and NaCl or seawater as the secondary saline catalyst. The interactions between these two types of catalysts are complex and are, therefore, also assessed thermodynamically. The addition of salts lowers the activity coefficient of the hydronium ions, but simultaneously favours the dissociation of the organic acid. It turned out that these two effects are of similar magnitude, resulting in a fairly constant hydronium ion activity. Because nonetheless higher furfural yields are obtained using the salts as a secondary catalyst, it is concluded that the salts influence the pentose dehydration mechanism directly. The final furfural yields obtained using oxalic acid as the primary catalyst were only slightly lower than those for similar experiments using HCl. The most distinctive difference between the two acids is the lower reaction rate (and thus longer reaction times) when using oxalic acid. Finally, it was observed that if no acidic catalyst is used, the salts tend to catalyse a loss reaction, which is suppressed when an acid is present.

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Iron‐Catalyzed Furfural Production in Biobased Biphasic Systems: From Pure Sugars to Direct Use of Crude Xylose Effluents as Feedstock

Cited by 109 publications

References 26 publications

Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using the OrganoCat process

Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass using the OrganoCat process

Direct transformation of xylan-type hemicelluloses to furfural via SnCl4 catalysts in aqueous and biphasic systems

The effects of combined catalysis of oxalic acid and seawater on the kinetics of xylose and arabinose dehydration to furfural

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