Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management

Abstract

The WHO has recognised iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected with this condition. Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron and decreased iron absorption are also culpable causes. Patients with IDA should be treated with the aim of replenishing iron stores and returning the haemoglobin to a normal level. This has shown to improve quality of life, morbidity, prognosis in chronic disease and outcomes in pregnancy. Iron deficiency occurs in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This article will provide an updated overview on diagnosis and management of IDA in patients with chronic conditions, preoperative and in pregnancy. We will discuss the benefits and limitations of oral versus intravenous iron replacement in each cohort, with an overview on cost analysis between the different iron formulations currently on the market.

Sucrosomial® iron effectiveness in recovering from mild and moderate iron-deficiency anemia in the postpartum period

“…We understand the value of undertaking broader and longer trials on various cohorts of postpartum anemia women to validate our results. However, the demonstrated effectiveness of Sucrosomial® iron and the absence of associated gastrointestinal side effect in a di cult-to-treat population may have signi cance to clinical practice [30,33,34]. In particular, commitment to therapy remains a core determinant of positive health results for postpartum women in need of iron supplementation.…”

Retrospective Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Prevalence Among Adults Referred to Mugla Training and Research Hospital

“…DSÖ dünya çapında en yaygın beslenme yetersizliği problemi olarak popülasyonun yaklaşık %30'unu etkileyen DEA'yı göstermektedir (20). Çalışmamıza dahil edilen tüm hastaların %2.4'ünde, anemi saptanan hastaların ise %11.5'inde DEA saptandı.…”

Crohn’s Disease and Female Infertility: Can Nutrition Play a Supporting Role?

“…Iron is the micronutrient that has been most studied in IBD, given the high prevalence of IBD patients who suffer from anemia [5], especially women who are at higher risk of developing iron deficiency than men. In IBD, the most common cause of iron deficiency is intestinal mucosa inflammation impact (i.e., increased loss due to blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, and malabsorption) [50,51].…”

“…increased inflammation of the intestinal mucosa (i.e., its increased loss due to blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, and malabsorption) [50,51]. [58,59]; -anti-oxidative effect (through inhibition of NADPH oxidase, and its role as a cofactor for superoxide dismutase [61].…”