Iron Deficiency and Renal Development in the Newborn Rat

Drake, Keri A.; Sauerbry, Molly J; Blohowiak, Sharon E.; Repyak, Kristin S; Kling, Pamela J.

doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181be79c2

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…90 A deficiency in iron can impact kidney development through fetal anaemia and hypoxia, as well as modified glucocorticoid sensitivity. 89 Zinc is an antioxidant that exhibits antiapoptotic properties.…”

Section: Maternal Micronutrient Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

2015

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An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressure and kidney disease in later life. Many studies have focused on low birth weight, prematurity and growth restriction as surrogate markers of an adverse intrauterine environment; however, high birth weight, exposure to maternal diabetes and rapid growth during early childhood are also emerging as developmental risk factors for chronic diseases. Altered programming of nephron number is an important link between exposure to developmental stressors and subsequent risk of hypertension and kidney disease. Maternal, fetal, and childhood nutrition are crucial contributors to these programming effects. Resource-poor countries experience the sequential burdens of fetal and childhood undernutrition and subsequent overnutrition, which synergistically act to augment the effects of developmental programming; this observation might explain in part the disproportionate burden of chronic disease in these regions. Numerous nutritional interventions have been effective in reducing the short-term risk of low birth weight and prematurity. Understanding the potential long-term benefits of such interventions is crucial to inform policy decisions to interrupt the developmental programming cycle and stem the growing epidemics of hypertension and kidney disease worldwide.

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Section: Maternal Micronutrient Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

2015

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“…Furthermore, exposure to a maternal low-protein diet during lactation in rat also compromises nephrogenesis, demonstrating that the crucial period of vulnerability extends into early postnatal life in the rat [54]. A reduction in nephron number is observed even when the maternal undernutrition is induced by restriction of only one nutrient in the rat such as protein [7], vitamin A [55], or iron [56], by global food restriction [53], or by a multideficient diet that is rich in carbohydrates that is not deficient in calories [10]. Compensatory glomerular hypertrophy is reported in the neonate rat that exhibits a nephron deficiency of 25% to 30% [53].…”

Section: Maternal Undernutrition and Nephron Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Kidney Is Impacted by the Perinatal Maternal Environment to Develop Hypertension1

Paixão

Alexander

2013

Biology of Reproduction

120

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Environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition, maternal glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload can program changes in renal Na(+) excretion leading to hypertension. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may reduce glomerular filtration rate by decreasing the surface area of the glomerular capillaries. Moreover, fetal responses to environmental insults during early life that contribute to the development of hypertension may include increased expression of tubular apical or basolateral membrane Na(+) transporters and increased production of renal superoxide leading to enhanced Na(+) reabsorption. This review will address the role of these potential renal mechanisms in the fetal programming of hypertension in experimental models induced by maternal undernutrition, fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload in the rat.

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“…Especially in preterm infants or those born SGA, optimal early nutrition is important for growth and survival [227]. Through experimental and human studies, it has been shown that postnatal nutrition in terms of calories, protein content, and micronutrients can impact nephron numbers and long-term renal function [15,20,31,82,83,228,229,230]. Animal data suggest some reversal of programmed renal changes can occur with the restoration of normal dietary composition, but overfeeding leads to obesity and hypertension independently of nephron numbers and may therefore be harmful [83,228].…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

124

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Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. The Low Birth Weight and Nephron Number Working Group has prepared a consensus document aimed to address the relatively neglected issue for the developmental programming of hypertension and CKD. It emerged from a workshop held on April 2, 2016, including eminent internationally recognized experts in the field of obstetrics, neonatology, and nephrology. Through multidisciplinary engagement, the goal of the workshop was to highlight the association between fetal and childhood development and an increased risk of adult diseases, focusing on hypertension and CKD, and to suggest possible practical solutions for the future. The recommendations for action of the consensus workshop are the results of combined clinical experience, shared research expertise, and a review of the literature. They highlight the need to act early to prevent CKD and other related noncommunicable diseases later in life by reducing low birth weight, small for gestational age, prematurity, and low nephron numbers at birth through coordinated interventions. Meeting the current unmet needs would help to define the most cost-effective strategies and to optimize interventions to limit or interrupt the developmental programming cycle of CKD later in life, especially in the poorest part of the world.

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Iron Deficiency and Renal Development in the Newborn Rat

Abstract: ABSTRACT:Iron is essential for fetal organ development, but the effect of isolated iron deficiency on nephrogenesis is unknown. Human premature infants are at risk for disrupted nephrogenesis because glomerular development is incomplete until 36-wk gestation.

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

How the Kidney Is Impacted by the Perinatal Maternal Environment to Develop Hypertension1

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

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