Iron Deficiency Anemia and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Girls and Women in a Rural Area of Jatinangor, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among adolescent girls and women, with significant consequences on personal health. One of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is inadequate nutritional intake. This study explores iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and women in a rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 adolescent girls and 85 women between April and November 2018. Cluster random sampling was used to select the participants from seven villages in the Jatinangor district. After obtaining informed consent, we collected sociodemographic data, menstrual histories, and related data, including nutritional intake using 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometrics were gathered to determine the body mass Index (BMI), and venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and hemoglobin levels. Descriptive statistics followed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify anemia-associated factors. Results:The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the girls was 21.1% and 9.4% among women, with an average hemoglobin level in adolescents of 10.75 g/dL (± 0.79) and in adults 11.20 g/dL (± 0.61), whereas MCV was 74.49±8.22 fL in adolescents and 7.61 ±8.62 fL in adults. The majority of our samples were not stunted in growth and were also within a normal weight range. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein intake (OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.11-0.58) was a positively associated factor with anemia. Conclusion:The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this study represents a mild public health problem in the study sample.Based on the hemoglobin level, anemia, can be classified as moderate in adolescents and mild in adults. Low levels of MCH indicate iron-deficiency anemia. Sufficient protein intake did not prevent anemia due to macronutrient and micronutrient intake.

The Effect of Mobile Health (m-Health) Education Based on WANTER Application on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Anemia among Female Students in a Rural Area of Indonesia

“…Anemia is a condition where the oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood is insufficient [ 1 ]. The normal level of hemoglobin in adolescent girls is 12 g/dL [ 2 ].…”

Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri: Literatur Review

“…Penelitian Verma & Baniya (2022) yang dilakukan di wilayah Barat Rajasthan, India dengan responden 625 remaja putri (usia 11-19 tahun) menunjukan prevalensi 56.32% (n=352) dengan proporsi anemia ringan (29.12%), sedang (22.24%), dan berat (4,96%) (14). Hasil penelitian Sari et al (2022) di Indonesia ditemukan prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri 21.1% (15). Penelitian oleh Nadiyah et al (2022) dengan menggunakan data survei Riskesdas 2018 didapatkan hasil persentase remaja putri anemia sebesar 23,4% (16).…”

“…Hal ini di asumsikan bahwa remaja yang anemia merupakan kelompok yang sering ngemil/ kebiasaan konsumsi jajanan tidak sehat sehingga asupan makanan tidak seimbang, dimana hal ini sesuai dengan data nasional bahwa remaja usia sekolah memiliki kebiasaan jajan cukup besar, termasuk makanan manis dan berlemak (15). Hal ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian Fentie et al (2022) bahwa skor keragaman diet rendah (micronutrient) berpengaruh untuk terjadi anemia (AOR 3.57 95%CI91.88-6.75) (14).…”

Pengetahuan Dan Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Pada Remaja Putri Di Kecamatan Pasar Minggu

“…Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among adolescent girls and women, with significant health consequences for them (1). Anemia is a global public health problem that affects both developing and developed countries.…”