Iron deficiency as an emerging therapeutic target in patients stabilized after an episode of acute heart failure

Abstract

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Relation between Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Hair Trace Elements, Metals and Metalloids Concentration in Epicardial Coronary Artery Disease—Preliminary Report

“…Since the heart is a high-energy demanding organ, it has been proven that iron deficiency has a negative impact on cardiac function [ 42 ]. Among novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches such as quadruple therapies, which are currently recommended for all patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, the iron status assessment and supplementation is recommended to be considered according to the newest European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines [ 43 , 44 ]. The results of our analysis identify the significance of iron monitoring in patients with preserved ejection fraction as iron overload may interplay with inflammatory activation exaggeration and represent the initial steps into coronary artery atherosclerosis progression.…”

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“…(4-6) El hierro endovenoso (EV), como la carboximaltosa férrica (FCM) y la derisomaltosa férrica (FDM), ha demostrado en ensayos clínicos un efecto clínico superior en comparación con las preparaciones orales de hierro, tanto en pacientes crónicos estables como en aquellos con descompensación aguda reciente. (7) Estas recomendaciones tienen como objetivo incrementar el conocimiento de esta comorbilidad, su fisiopatología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento adecuado.…”

The role of iron deficiency in heart failure

“… 5 ID also increases patient mortality and morbidity, with the latter leading to a greater risk for early hospital readmission and prolonged hospitalization. 5 , 6 For these reasons, the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines 7 recommend to assess the iron status as part of examinations to be performed in HF patients in order to identify their needs. Making a diagnosis of ID has important practical implications: according to recent trials enrolling patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the correction of ID improved symptoms and quality of life of these patients, with preliminary data showing a positive impact on the risk of hospitalizations.…”