Iron deficiency, cell-mediated immunity and infection among 6–36 month old children living in rural Togo

Berger, Jacques; Schneider, Dominique; Dyck, Jean-Luc; Joseph, A. A.; Aplogan, Aristide; Galán, Pilar; Herçberg, Serge

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80408-7

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This alteration is largely correctable with iron repletion [13]. In addition, Berger et al [14] have found that the number as well as percentage of mature T cells were lower in iron defi cient children as compared to controls. Also, Mullick et al [15] observed a trend of lower CD4 + cells with increasing severity of IDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on cell mediated immunity

Attia¹,

Essa²,

Nosair³

et al. 2009

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Iron defi ciency anemia (IDA) is one of the most prevalent micronutrient defi ciencies particularly in the developing countries. While there is evidence of an altered immune profi le in iron defi ciency, the exact immunoregulatory role of iron is not known. Knowledge particularly in children, who are vulnerable to iron defi ciency and infection, is lacking. We aimed to study the effects of IDA and its treatment with oral iron supplementation on cell-mediated immunity. The levels of T-lymphocytes, their CD4 + , CD8 + and CD1a + subsets, transferrin receptor (CD71) and serum ferritin were evaluated in 40 iron-defi cient and 40 healthy children. The impact of oral iron supplementation for three months on the same parameters was also noted in children with IDA. The level of mature T-lymphocytes (CD4 + and CD8 + ) was signifi cantly lower (P<0.001) while that of the immature T-cells (CD1a + ) was signifi cantly higher (p<0.001) in IDA children compared to the control. The mature T-cell count was signifi cantly improved after iron therapy. In spite of signifi cant reduction in the immature T-cells (CD1a+) level after iron supplementation, it was signifi cantly higher than the control. The present study demonstrated that T-lymphocytes maturation was defective in IDA and improved partially after 3 months of iron supplementation. Therefore, longer time of iron therapy may be required to induce complete maturation of T-lymphocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on cell mediated immunity

Attia¹,

Essa²,

Nosair³

et al. 2009

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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“…In the iron-de®cient child, increased susceptibility to infection is associated with impaired immunity, particularly cell-mediated immunity (Chandra and Saraya, 1975;Krantman et al, 1982;Swarup-Mitra & Sinha, 1984;Berger et al, 1992). By the end of the supplementation period, only supplemented children showed a signi®cant increase in the percentage of mature T cells and of helper-induceracytotoxicsuppressor T cell ratio, which would suggest a positive effect of the iron supplementation on cell-mediated immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while some studies conclude alteration of cell-mediated immunity (Chandra and Saraya, 1975;Krantman et al, 1982;Swarup-Mitra and Sinha, 1984;Berger et al, 1992), other studies do not show any effect (Kulapongs et al, 1974;Gupta et al, 1982;Grosch-Worner et al, 1984;Thibault et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Berger

Dyck²,

Galán³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess the impact of a daily oral iron supplementation on hematological status, cell-mediated immunity and susceptibility to infections in children living in an environment where iron de®ciency, malaria and other infections are frequent. Design: Randomized, double-blind iron supplementation including a placebo group. Setting: A village in Togo, West Africa. Subjects: Of the 229 6 ± 36-month-old children of both sexes recruited, 197 with hemoglobin concentration ! 80 gal were included and 163 completed the study. Intervention: Children received daily a placebo (n 79) or a dose of 2 ± 3 mg of elemental iron per kg of body weight (n 84) for 3 months. Hematological, nutritional and immune status were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the supplementation period, and 6 months later. Morbidity was recorded throughout the study. Results: Iron supplementation had a signi®cant and positive effect on iron status of children and no impact on the incidence of infections, especially malaria. Its probable effect on immune status was masked by interference of infections and their treatment, which contributed to improve hematological and immune status in both groups. Conclusion: According to the negative consequences of anemia and iron de®ciency on global child development, control of iron de®ciency by oral iron supplementation in young children has to be conducted, associated with prophylaxis and treatment of malaria and repeated deworming.

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“…77 % of non-pregnant females aged 15 ± 45 years in Bangladesh had haemoglobin levels below 100 g=l; Kolsteren et al 1999). Fe de®-ciency is associated with gastrointestinal and respiratory infections (Berger et al 1992). However, the in¯uence of Fe status on infection is complicated by the fact that micro-organisms also require Fe (Payne & Finkelstein, 1978).…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

2000

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Undernutrition and infection are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. These two problems are interrelated. Undernutrition compromises barrier function, allowing easier access by pathogens, and compromises immune function, decreasing the ability of the host to eliminate pathogens once they enter the body. Thus, malnutrition predisposes to infections. Infections can alter nutritional status mediated by changes in dietary intake, absorption and nutrient requirements and losses of endogenous nutrients.

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Iron deficiency, cell-mediated immunity and infection among 6–36 month old children living in rural Togo

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on cell mediated immunity

Effect of iron deficiency anemia and its treatment on cell mediated immunity

Effect of daily iron supplementation on iron status, cell-mediated immunity, and incidence of infections in 6–36 month old Togolese children

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

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