Iron deficiency–related symptoms in whole blood donors: a systematic review

Zalpuri, Saurabh; Schotten, Nienke; Baart, A. Mireille; Watering, Leo M. van de; Hurk, Katja van den; Kraaij, M.G.J. van

doi:10.1111/trf.15509

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Besides, ID without anaemia is also associated with symptoms. Iron is one of the key elements of the mitochondrial aerobic respiratory chain, thus ID is related to impaired physical endurance [8], asthenia, restless leg syndrome or Pica's disease [9]. This may not be such a concern if the prevalence of ID among non‐anaemic donors was not so high as described in various studies [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency among French whole‐blood donors: first assessment and identification of predictive factors

et al. 2020

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Background The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) among French whole‐blood (WB) donors to identify factors associated with ID and to generate decision trees. Study design and methods A prospective National multicentre study was performed on WB donors from March 11, to April 5th, 2019. Samples were selected randomly to perform serum ferritin. ID was defined as ferritin value under 26 ng/ml. All results were stratified by sex. Factors associated with ID were analysed using multivariate logistic regression model. CART algorithm was used for decision trees. Results Eleven thousand two hundred fifty eight WB donors were included. ID was more frequent in women (39·5%) than in men (18·0%). Among 7200 repeated donors, women below 50 yo had a higher risk (OR = 2·37; [1·97–2·85] IC95) than those above 50 yo. Factors associated with ID were: haemoglobin level under the threshold at donation n‐1 except for women and n‐2 donation; a low mean corpuscular haemoglobin at n‐1 and n‐2 donations; a shorter interval since n‐1 donation and between n‐1 and n‐2 donations except for women; and women who had given three or four times in the last year. CART algorithm defined high risk of ID subgroups within three populations of donors, new female donors, repeated male donors and repeated female donors. In these identified subgroups, prevalence of ID was up to 72·1%. Conclusions Our study showed the high prevalence of ID among French WB donors, identified well‐known and new factors associated with ID and defined algorithms predicting ID in three populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency among French whole‐blood donors: first assessment and identification of predictive factors

et al. 2020

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“…Repeated whole blood donations often result in low iron stores, potentially leading to donor deferral for low hemoglobin (Hb) and iron deficiency-related symptoms [1][2][3]. With the reporting of negative findings on the health and availability of donors, it is of paramount importance for blood collection centers to gain more insight into whole blood donors' iron status and how low iron stores in blood donors should be managed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferritin Trajectories over Repeated Whole Blood Donations: Results from the FIND+ Study

Moazzen

Sweegers

Janssen

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Depending on post-donation erythropoiesis, available iron stores, and iron absorption rates, optimal donation intervals may differ between donors. This project aims to define subpopulations of donors with different ferritin trajectories over repeated donations. Methods: Ferritin levels of 300 new whole blood donors were measured from stored (lookback) samples from each donation over two years in an observational cohort study. Latent classes of ferritin level trajectories were investigated separately using growth mixture models for male and female donors. General linear mixed models assessed associations of ferritin levels with subsequent iron deficiency and/or low hemoglobin. Results: Two groups of donors were identified using group-based trajectory modeling in both genders. Ferritin levels showed rather linear reductions among 42.9% of male donors and 87.7% of female donors. For the remaining groups of donors, steeper declines in ferritin levels were observed. Ferritin levels at baseline and the end of follow-up varied greatly between groups. Conclusion: Repeated ferritin measurements show depleting iron stores in all-new whole blood donors, the level at which mainly depends on baseline ferritin levels. Tailored, less intensive donation strategies might help to prevent low iron in donors, and could be supported with ferritin monitoring and/or iron supplementation.

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“…However, whether blood donation also provides health benefits to donors as a consequence of donation is less clear. For example, reducing iron overload through regular blood donation may prevent cancer, hemochromatosis, and liver diseases ( 3 , 4 ), but iron depletion and iron deficiency with anemia are common among frequent blood donors ( 5 – 7 ). To date, there is insufficient scientific evidence to identify the impacts of blood donation on donors’ health at a population level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort Profile: The Shaanxi Blood Donor Cohort in China

Zhang

Li²,

Su³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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PurposeThe Shaanxi Blood Donor Cohort was set up to investigate the impact of blood donation on the health of donors compared with non-blood donors. The specific aims of the study include (1) identifying the geographical and temporal trends of incidence for diseases in both blood donors and non-blood donors; (2) assessing the impact of environmental exposures, lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and blood type on disease burdens, stratified between blood donors and non-blood donors; and (3) among blood donors, investigating if regular blood donation has a positive impact on donors’ health profiles, based on a cohort with a mixed retrospective and prospective study design.ParticipantsA total of 3.4 million adults, with an equal number and identical demographic characteristics (year of birth, sex and location of residence) of blood donors and non-blood donors, were enrolled on 2012. The one-to-one matching was conducted through a repeated random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation from the Shaanxi Electronic Health Records. The cohort has been so far followed up to the end of 2018, summing to nearly 24 million years of follow-up. The cohort will be followed up prospectively every 3 years until 2030.Findings to DateOf the 1.7 million blood donors, 418,312 (24.5%) and 332,569 (19.5%) individuals were outpatients and inpatients, accounting for 1,640,483(96.2%) outpatient and 496,061 (29.1%) inpatient visits. Of the same number of non-blood donors, 407,798 (23.9%) and 346,097 (20.3%) individuals were hospital outpatients and inpatients, accounting for 1,655,725 (97.1%) outpatient and 562,337 (33.0%) inpatient visits. The number of outpatient and inpatient visits by non-blood donors was 0.9 and 3.9% higher than those of the blood donors (p < 0.01). Blood donors demonstrate significantly fewer inpatients visits than non-blood donors for major chronic disease categories (p < 0.01).Future PlansWe are currently exploring the long term benefits of blood donation on major chronic disease categories and multimorbidities in this large population cohort. The study results are adjusted by the “healthy donor effect.” This cohort study will continue until 2030.

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Iron deficiency–related symptoms in whole blood donors: a systematic review

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Iron deficiency among French whole‐blood donors: first assessment and identification of predictive factors

Iron deficiency among French whole‐blood donors: first assessment and identification of predictive factors

Ferritin Trajectories over Repeated Whole Blood Donations: Results from the FIND+ Study

Cohort Profile: The Shaanxi Blood Donor Cohort in China

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