Iron-dependent changes of heavy metals, nicotianamine, and citrate in different plant organs and in the xylem exudate of two tomato genotypes. Nicotianamine as possible copper translocator

Pich, Axel; Scholz, Günter; Stephan, Udo W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0503-3_8

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Also, Si could contribute to avoid chlorophyll degradation by the activation of several enzymatic systems (Gottardi et al 2012;Bybordi 2012). Another hypothesis is that Si probably contributes to maintain other micronutrients balance, such as Fe/Mn ratio (Pich et al 1994), which is also beneficial in enhancing chlorophyll synthesis, and provides a possible explanation for the stimulation in growth of Fe-deficient plants supplied with Si (Gonzalo et al 2013;Pavlovic et al 2013;Bityutskii et al 2014). Even though the Fe content in leaves was similar for the Si-treated and -untreated plants after 21 days of Fe shortage (Gonzalo et al 2013).…”

Section: Iron Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can silicon partially alleviate micronutrient deficiency in plants? a review

Hernández‐Apaolaza

2014

Planta

138

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Silicon protects plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses, including metal toxicity. Under a high metal concentration, Si can externally decrease metal availability to the plant by its precipitation in the growth media, and Si also affects the metal distribution inside the plant, diminishing the damage. Could Si also protect plants against metal deficiency stress? Recently, the physiological role of Si in relation to micronutrients deficiency symptoms has been assessed in several plant species in hydroponics. In cucumber, Si supply mitigated the symptoms of Fe deficiency, but this effect was not clear under Zn-or Mndeficiency conditions. The main factor controlling this beneficial effect seems to be the Si contribution to the formation of metal deposits in the root and/or leaves apoplast and its role in their following remobilization when required. The enhancement of the content of long-distance transport molecules (such as citrate) due to Si addition should also contribute to the metal transport from root to shoot, which will diminish deficiency symptoms.

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Section: Iron Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can silicon partially alleviate micronutrient deficiency in plants? a review

Hernández‐Apaolaza

2014

Planta

138

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“…NAS is also important for growth in nongraminaceous plants, which do not synthesize MAs (Higuchi et al, 1996a). In these plants, NA has been implicated in the internal transport of metal ions (Scholz et al, 1992;Stephan and Scholz, 1993;Pich et al, 1994;Stephan et al, 1994). Since Higuchi et al (1999b) isolated the first NAS gene from barley, NAS genes have been isolated from barley again (Herbik et al, 1999), and from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; Ling et al, 1999), Arabidopsis (Suzuki et al, 1999), and rice (Oryza sativa; Higuchi et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Three Nicotianamine Synthase Genes Isolated from Maize Are Differentially Regulated by Iron Nutritional Status

et al. 2003

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Nicotianamine synthase (NAS) is an enzyme that is critical for the biosynthesis of the mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores in graminaceous plants, and for the homeostasis of metal ions in nongraminaceous plants. We isolated one genomic NAS clone, ZmNAS3, and two cDNA NAS clones, ZmNAS1 and ZmNAS2, from maize (Zea mays cv Alice). In agreement with the increased secretion of phytosiderophores with Fe deficiency, ZmNAS1 and ZmNAS2 were positively expressed only in Fe-deficient roots. In contrast, ZmNAS3 was expressed under Fe-sufficient conditions, and was negatively regulated by Fe deficiency. This is the first report describing down-regulation of NAS gene expression in response to Fe deficiency in plants, shedding light on the role of nicotianamine in graminaceous plants, other than as a precursor in phytosiderophore production. ZmNAS1-green fluorescent protein (sGFP) and ZmNAS2-sGFP were localized at spots in the cytoplasm of onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells, whereas ZmNAS3-sGFP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of these cells. ZmNAS1 and ZmNAS3 showed NAS activity in vitro, whereas ZmNAS2 showed none. Due to its duplicated structure, ZmNAS2 was much larger (65.8 kD) than ZmNAS1, ZmNAS3, and previously characterized NAS proteins (30-38 kD) from other plant species. We reveal that maize has two types of NAS proteins based on their expression pattern and subcellular localization.To acquire Fe, graminaceous plants secrete Fe chelators, known as mugineic-acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). MAs dissolve Fe in the rhizosphere, followed by reabsorption of the Fe(III)-MA complexes through YS1 transporters in the plasma membrane (Takagi, 1976; Curie et al., 2001). Only graminaceous plants use the MA mechanism of acquiring Fe(III), classified as the Strategy II mechanism (Marschner et al., 1986). Fe deficiency is a problem in crop production worldwide, especially in calcareous soils, where Fe is sparingly soluble due to the high soil pH. The ability of graminaceous plants to tolerate Fe deficiency is thought to depend on the quantity of MAs secreted during Fe deficiency (Takagi, 1976;Mori et al., , 1988Rö mheld, 1987;Kawai et al., 1988;Mihashi and Mori, 1989;Singh et al., 1993). The biosynthetic pathways of MAs (Fig. 1A) have been determined Kawai et al., 1988;Shojima et al., 1990;Ma et al., 1999), and almost all the genes involved have been isolated in our laboratory (Higuchi et al., 1999b;Takahashi et al., 1999;Nakanishi et al., 2000;Kobayashi et al., 2001). NAS is a key enzyme in MA biosynthesis, catalyzing the trimerization of SAM into one molecule of NA (Higuchi et al., 1999b). NAS activity in graminaceous plants is well correlated with tolerance to Fe deficiency. In maize (Zea mays), a plant susceptible to Fe deficiency, NAS activity is very low (Higuchi et al., 1996a), and maize secretes lower amounts of MAs than barley or oat (Avena sativa), cereals that are tolerant of low Fe supply (Rö mheld, 1987;Lytle and Jolley, 1991). NAS is also important for growth in nongraminaceous plants, which do not ...

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“…We too have found in NS 1 an increase, particularly evident for citric acid, that might be connected to the strategy done by maize for iron uptake, and therefore to the needs to produce phytosiderophores in the Fe deficiency. In this condition citric acid plays a role of a chelating agent for Fe 2+ [21,22] but also to move the cation towards vegetative apexes [23]. In NS 2 ( Fig.…”

Section: Experiments 2 (Ns 2 )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of different iron availability on phosphoenolpiruvate carboxilase and malate dehydrogenase in roots of maize (Zea Mays L.) plants grown under iron deficiency

Russo

Belligno

2010

Nature Precedings

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The effect of the different nitrate availability on some enzymatic activities has been evaluated in iron deficient and iron sufficient maize plants (Zea mays L.). In order to evaluate if the induction of sensitive to pH enzymatic activities is affected by the variation of the apoplast reaction due to the different nitrate availability, two experimental tests were done on maize plants grown in nutrient solution with different NO 3 -availability and with Fe-sufficiency (+Fe) (added with 80 μM Fe(III)-EDTA) and Fe-deficiency (-Fe) (added with 0.1 μM Fe(III)-EDTA).As regards 0.4 mM NO 3 -(NS 2 ), independently of iron availability, phosphoenolpiruvate carboxilase and malate dehydrogenase inductions are higher than those recorded for the experiment with 4.0 mM NO 3 -. The two activities, for the reaction determined in citosol by NO 3 -uptake, show different responses according to Fe availability. In NS 1 the higher nitrate uptake and the contemporaneous H + incoming cause in (+Fe) plants a decrease of PEP-carboxilase activation and, during the first 24 hours, of malate dehydrogenase. The shifting of the peak of maximum activity shows that iron deficiency conditions, interfering with e -transport, determinate a slowing down of the enzyme induction, independently of nitrate availability. In NS 2 , PEPcase is higher under Fe-deficiency and malate dehydrogenase is higher under Fe-sufficiency, both during the first 24 hours.The different nitrate availability causes a different use of the acid content. In fact, in NS 1 citric content, precursor of molecules for the production of phytosiderophores, increased in (-Fe) theses. On the contrary, low nitrate availabilities determined a decrease in acid contents, mostly in (-Fe) theses. This result justifies the higher energy demand to activate membrane carriers under stress conditions for the reduced nitrate availability.

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Iron-dependent changes of heavy metals, nicotianamine, and citrate in different plant organs and in the xylem exudate of two tomato genotypes. Nicotianamine as possible copper translocator

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

Can silicon partially alleviate micronutrient deficiency in plants? a review

Can silicon partially alleviate micronutrient deficiency in plants? a review

Three Nicotianamine Synthase Genes Isolated from Maize Are Differentially Regulated by Iron Nutritional Status

Influence of different iron availability on phosphoenolpiruvate carboxilase and malate dehydrogenase in roots of maize (Zea Mays L.) plants grown under iron deficiency

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