Iron Depletion Is Associated With Daytime Bottle-feeding in the Second and Third Years of Life

Sutcliffe, Trenna L.; Khambalia, Amina; Westergard, Shelley; Jacobson, Sheila; Peer, Michael; Parkin, Patricia C.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1114

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12] We did not find an association between serum non-HDL cholesterol concentration and the dietary intake subscore of the NutriSTEP questionnaire, which is consistent with other studies involving young children that have shown an association between eating behaviours (e.g., bottle use) and iron deficiency outcomes that were independent of dietary intake (e.g., milk volume). [21][22][23] These results raise the possibility that eating behaviours are more closely related to health outcomes than dietary intake. The relations between eating behaviours and LDL cholesterol and apolipopro-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Persaud

Maguire

Lebovic

et al. 2013

CMAJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Persaud

Maguire

Lebovic

et al. 2013

CMAJ

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“…Previous research has identified an association between prolonged use of bottle-feeding and Fe deficiency (31)(32)(33) . Overweight, obesity, wheezing and dental caries have also been found to be associated with prolonged bottle-feeding and bedtime bottle use (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe iron-deficiency anaemia and feeding practices in young children

Parkin

DeGroot²,

Maguire³

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) occurs in 1-2 % of infants in developed countries, peaks at 1-3 years of age and is associated with later cognitive deficits. The objectives of the present study were to describe the characteristics of young children with severe IDA and examine modifiable risk factors in a developedcountry setting. Design: Two prospective samples: a national surveillance programme sample and a regional longitudinal study sample. Setting: Canada, 2009-2011. Subjects: Two samples of young children recruited from community-based healthcare practices: a national sample with severe anaemia (Hb < 80 g/l) due to Fe deficiency and a regional sample with non-anaemic Fe sufficiency. Results: Children with severe IDA (n 201, mean Hb 55·1 g/l) experienced substantial morbidity (including developmental delay, heart failure, cerebral thrombosis) and health-care utilization (including a 42 % hospitalization rate). Compared with children with Fe sufficiency (n 597, mean Hb 122·4 g/l), children with severe IDA consumed a larger volume of cow's milk daily (median 1065 ml v. 500 ml, P < 0·001) and were more likely to be using a bottle during the day (78 % v. 43 %, OR = 6·0; 95 % CI 4·0, 8·9) and also in bed (60 % v. 21 %, OR = 6·5; 95 % CI 4·4, 9·5). Conclusions: Severe IDA is associated with substantial morbidity and may be preventable. Three potentially modifiable feeding practices are associated with IDA: (i) cow's milk consumption greater than 500 ml/d; (ii) daytime bottle use beyond 12 months of age; and (iii) bottle use in bed. These feeding practices should be highlighted in future recommendations for public health and primarycare practitioners.

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“…Unmodified cow's milk increases intestinal blood loss in infants [5], while bottle feeding contributes to the risk independently, probably due to the greater volume of cow's milk consumed [6]. 3.…”

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

Subramaniam

Girish

2015

Indian J Pediatr

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Iron deficiency is not just anemia; it can be responsible for a long list of other manifestations. This topic is of great importance, especially in infancy and early childhood, for a variety of reasons. Firstly, iron need is maximum in this period. Secondly, diet in infancy is usually deficient in iron. Thirdly and most importantly, iron deficiency at this age can result in neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits, which may not be reversible. Hypochromia and microcytosis in a complete blood count (CBC) makes iron deficiency anemia (IDA) most likely diagnosis. Absence of response to iron should make us look for other differential diagnosis like β thalassemia trait and anemia of chronic disease. Celiac disease is the most important cause of true IDA not responding to oral iron therapy. While oral ferrous sulphate is the cheapest and most effective therapy for IDA, simple nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures can go a long way in prevention of iron deficiency.

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Iron Depletion Is Associated With Daytime Bottle-feeding in the Second and Third Years of Life

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Severe iron-deficiency anaemia and feeding practices in young children

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

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