Iron‐Dicyano Dichloro Quinone Primary Battery

Ramavath, Janraj Naik; Ramachandra, Chinmaya; Ramanujam, Kothandaraman

doi:10.1002/slct.201801878

Cited by 1 publication

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References 34 publications

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“…Acidic functional groups such as phenolic −OH, −C-PO(OH) 2 (phosphonate), −COOH, and −SO 3 H in the alkaline medium and −SO 3 H and −NH 2 in the acidic medium are incorporated on selective organic cores to improve the solubility of the redox-active molecules . Hosts of derivatives of benzoquinone, − naphthoquinone, − and anthraquinone , have garnered more attention as materials of choice for aqueous RFB application as they can be synthetically tuned to prolong their stability and manipulated to enhance their solubility . The selection of the functional group is critical as tuning molecules to exhibit extreme reduction or oxidation potential makes them prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack in an aqueous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 derivatives of benzoquinone, 12−14 naphthoquinone, 15−17 and anthraquinone 18,19 have garnered more attention as materials of choice for aqueous RFB application as they can be synthetically tuned to prolong their stability and manipulated to enhance their solubility. 20 The selection of the functional group is critical as tuning molecules to exhibit extreme reduction or oxidation potential makes them prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack in an aqueous system. From the literature, it is clear that the energy density manipulation is influenced more by the change in solubility (as solubility can be greatly modified with suitable functional groups) in comparison to the change in the redox potential of the compound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Capacity Upgradation and In Situ Capacity Rebalancing in Anthrarufin-Based Alkaline Redox Flow Batteries

Mirle

Ramanujam

2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold great promise in the storage of fluctuating renewable energy output for later use when there is a demand for electricity. Anthrarufin (AN), reported earlier as an anolyte material for the AORFB application, offered limited energy density due to its poor solubility. Here, we present a derivative of AN, 1,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,6-disulfonic acid (DSAN) as an anolyte to improve the energy density of the AORFB. Sulfonic acid functional groups were introduced to hike the solubility of DSAN in an alkaline medium. DSAN is soluble up to 110 mM in 0.4 M KOH and offers a theoretical capacity of 5.9 A h L–1, which is more than twice that of AN. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal the quasi-reversible nature of DSAN with the redox potential centered at around −0.64 V versus Ag/AgCl. However, upon cycling, the cell enters into capacity imbalance mainly due to DSAN reacting with water in the presence of carbon felt producing H2. This parasitic reaction makes catholyte the capacity-limiting side. Hence, an in situ electrolysis route is introduced to restore the capacity of the battery in the event of capacity decay. In addition, the use of d-fructose as an additive in the anolyte compartment increases the overpotential for H2 evolution and minimizes capacity fading. Hence, we believe that the work is relevant as it addresses a much bigger problem of parasitic reactions in an alkaline medium and benefits a broader spectrum of work.

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