Iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles-triggered elicitation of important phenolic compounds in cell cultures of Fagonia indica

Abstract

The callus cultures of Fagonia indica could prove as factories for the production of important phytochemicals when triggered through different types of stress. In this study, we initiated callus cultures from healthy stem explants in the presence of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO-NPs). We performed experiments with the callus cultures of F. indica to determine the impact of Fe-ZnO-NPs in concentrations (15.62–250 µg/mL) on biomass accumulation, production of important phenolic and flavonoids, and antioxidative potential. Our results showed that maximum callus biomass [Fresh weight (FW) = 13.6 g and Dry weight (DW) = 0.58 ± 0.01] was produced on day 40 when the media was supplemented with 250 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Similarly, maximum total phenolic content (268.36 μg GAE/g of DW) was observed in 40 days old callus added with 125 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Maximum total flavonoid content (78.56 μg QE/g of DW) was recorded in 20 days old callus grown in 62.5 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs containing media. Maximum total antioxidant capacity (390.74 µg AAE/g of DW) was recorded in 40 days old callus with 125 μg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs treated cultures, respectively. Similarly, the highest free radical scavenging activity (93.02%) was observed in callus derived from media having 15.62 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. The antioxidant potential was observed to have positive correlation with TPC (r = 0.44). HPLC analysis showed that Fe-ZnO-NPs produced compounds (e.g., Epigallocatechin gallate) that were either absent or in lesser quantities in the control group. These results showed that Fe-ZnO-NPs elicitors could increase the biomass and activate secondary metabolism in F. indica cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-021-02123-1.

Improving the Production of Secondary Metabolites via the Application of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Calli of Delonix elata: A Potential Medicinal Plant

“…Identically to the trend showed for the total phenol and total flavonoids following the application of ZnONPs, the quantification via HPLC showed that the highest values of gallic acid, quercetin, hesperidin, and rutin were detected in the calli treated with 30 mg/L of ZnONPs, before declining at 40 and 50 mg/L of ZnONPs ( Figure 5 ). In agreement with our findings, [ 90 ] noted that Fe-ZnO-NPs improved the biomass and activate the secondary metabolism in cell cultures of Fagonia indica. García-López et al [ 15 ] documented that zinc oxide nanoparticles boosted the phenolic compounds of Capsicum annuum L. It was speculated that this might be because of the changes induced by ZnONPs in the physiology and biochemistry of plants, which lead to the synthesis of the secondary metabolites.…”

Elicitation and Enhancement of Phenolics Synthesis with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and LED Light in Lilium candidum L. Cultures In Vitro

“…Callus cultures of Fagonia indica showed increased total phenolic content following elicitation with iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. This increase depended on the concentration of the nanoparticles and the duration of the culture [90]. The content of thymol and carvacrol in Thymus tissues rose a few times as compared with the control after application of ZnO NPs at 150 mg/L [36].…”

Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture as an Alternative System for Secondary Metabolite Production

“…Furthermore, the cultivation of Carum copticum under salt stress enhanced the phenolic content accumulation and antioxidant activity [162]. Similarly, elicitation with nanoparticles could enhance the production of the secondary metabolites of Fagonia indica in callus cultures [163]. In the suspension culture of Lonicera japonica Thun, a combination of 200 µM methyl jasmonate, 50 µM salicylic acid, and 2 h d-1 Ultraviolet B radiation, improved the synthesis of the chlorogenic acids and showed a high antioxidant capacity compared to untreated control and field-grown buds [164].…”