Iron fortification of food crops through nanofertilisation

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies are a significant cause of malnutrition worldwide, particularly in developing countries, affecting nearly 1.8 billion people worldwide. Agriculture is the primary source of nutrients for humans, but the increasing population and reducing arable lands areas are putting the agricultural sector under pressure, particularly in developing and less developed countries, and calls for intensive farming to increase crop yield to overcome food and nutrients deficiency challenges. Iron is an essential microelement that plays a vital role in plant and human growth, and metabolism, but its deficiency is widely reported and affects nearly one-third of the world population. To combat micronutrient deficiency, crops must have improved nutritional qualities or be biofortified. Several biofortification programs with conventional breeding, biotechnological and agronomic approaches have been implemented with limited success in providing essential nutrients, especially in developing and under-developed countries. The use of nanofertilisers as agronomic biofortification method to increase yields and nutrients, micronutrient availability in soil and uptake in plant parts, and minimising the reliance on harmful chemical fertilisers is essential. Using nanoparticles as nanofertilisers is a promising approach for improving the sustainability of current agricultural practices and for the biofortification of food crop production with essential micronutrients, thus enhanced nutritional quality. This review evaluates the current use of iron nanofertilisers for biofortification in several food crops addressing critical knowledge gaps and challenges that must be addressed to optimise the sustainable application.

Mineral biofortification and metal/metalloid accumulation in food crops: recent research and trends (Part III)

“…Many scientists are now working to develop effective and sustainable approaches to agronomic biofortification. Chugh et al (2022) reviewed the current use of iron (Fe) nano-fertilisers for Fe biofortification; they also identified the challenges that must be addressed to optimise nano-fertilisation for sustainable agriculture. For wheat grown in acidic soil, Jalal et al (2022a) compared foliar rates of ZnO nanoparticles for increasing grain zinc (Zn) concentration and grain yield.…”

Combining Zinc Biofortification and Native Trichoderma Inoculation Strategies for Subterranean Clover

“…Agronomic biofortification programs have demonstrated the potential to improve pasture sustainability by increasing the nutritional quality of forage crops [21][22][23]. This improvement not only benefits the livestock consuming the fortified feed but also contributes to enhancing overall soil health and ecosystem sustainability [24,25]. It represents a promising way to improve pasture sustainability by enhancing the nutritional quality of forage crops like Trifolium subterraneum, thereby promoting more resilient and nutrient-rich pasture ecosystems.…”

Citrate-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for the nano-enabled biofortification of wheat

“…27 Fe-chelate nanofertilizers, carbon-coated Fe NPs, Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 2 O 3 NPs have been tested as Fe fertilizers on wheat plants. 28 The results of some studies demonstrated that Fe-NPs improved wheat yield, and protein, carbohydrate, and amino acid content in wheat grains. [29][30][31] Furthermore, CoFe 2 O 4 NPs have attracted attention for agricultural applications, due to their low toxicity and environmental compatibility.…”