Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with their open pore network; high density of coordinatively unsaturated metal ions; and extremely broad tunability of their pore size, functional groups, and metal‐ion coordination chemistry possess many of the assets required for a successful use in electrochemistry. Recent years have witnessed increased research efforts in this direction, with the vast majority of the literature discussed herein being published in 2010 or later. MOFs have been investigated for their ionic conductivity (especially proton conductivity), electrocatalytic properties, charge‐storage properties for electrochemical supercapacitors, or as rechargeable intercalation or conversion‐reaction electrode for batteries. A proton conductivity up to 2 S m
−1
has been reported for pure MOF systems (90% RH, 85 °C), up to 1 S m
−1
for MOFs impregnated with nonvolatile acids (0% RH, 200 °C), whereas a MOF‐polymer mixed‐matrix membrane has shown a conductivity of 25 S m
−1
(90% RH, 98 °C). In rechargeable batteries, MOF‐based negative electrodes have shown interesting initial capacities of 300 mAh g
−1
(Li‐intercalation) and 560 mAh g
−1
(conversion‐reaction mechanism). Positive electrodes based on Prussian blue (PB) analogs have shown a capacity up to 135 mAh g
−1
(alkali‐metal‐cation insertion), with high capacity retention at fast charging rate. Hybrids combining the well‐known positive electrode materials and PB analogs thus offer new possibilities to design electrodes. MOFs have also been successfully used as precursors to synthesize high‐surface‐area carbons, metal, or metal oxide nanostructured materials tested in electrochemical supercapacitors or rechargeable batteries, as well as nonprecious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. In this sacrificial approach, MOFs are pyrolyzed in various atmospheres and the resulting materials do not contain any trace of MOF but present morphologies reminiscent of the pristine MOF structure, or characteristics that are otherwise difficult to reach.