Cyclotrimerization of acetylene to benzene has attracted significant interest, but the role of geometric and electronic effects on catalytic chemistry remains unclear. To fully elucidate the mechanism of catalytic acetylene-to-benzene conversion, we have performed a gas-phase reaction study of the Fe n + , Co n + , and Ni n + (n = 1−16) clusters with acetylene utilizing a customized mass spectrometer. It is found that their reactions with acetylene are initiated by C 2 H 2 molecular adsorption and allow for dominant dehydrogenation with the relatively low partial pressure of the acetylene gas. However, at high acetylene concentrations, the cyclotrimerization in M n + + 3C 2 H 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) becomes the dominant reaction channel. We demonstrate theoretically the favorable thermodynamics and reaction dynamics leading to the formation of the M + (C 6 H 6 ) products. The results are discussed in terms of a cluster-catalyzed multimolecule synergistic effect and the cation−π interactions.