Iron (III) doped titanium dioxide coated dimensionally stable graphite anode electrode for electro-chemical treatment of domestic wastewater

Abstract

Availability of clean water is of concern due to pollution and diminishing supply pollution. However, purification is possible depending on the incorporated contaminants. Domestic wastewater contains dissolved organic matter and its remediation can be done by oxidation. The best oxidation can be achieved by electron transfer the same way metabolic processes occur. This study exploited the use of a film of iron (III) doped titanium dioxide applied on an electrode which was found to be effective. Natural light conditions generated electrons that migrated through the electrode leaving behind holes which oxidized the contaminants as the excess electrons were discharged at the cathode after passing through the casted proton exchange membrane (PEM) separating the two half cells of the prepared reactor. This electrochemical method has the advantage in that the organic pollutants are oxidized to carbon dioxide with no secondary pollutants and the inorganic pollutants into insoluble matter. The assembled cell was applied to purify both synthetic and real water samples of green leafy vegetable solution from the kitchen by clarification. The clarification process was monitored by UV-Vis using distilled water as a reference to compare the light that transmitted through a sample. It was observed that the electro-oxidation process took place showing a high potential 105 mV within the first 150 min followed by degradation at a high rate. The oxidation of the organic matter was confirmed by UV-Vis analysis as well as by cyclic voltametric analysis of iron released into the solution of the synthetic samples. The electro chemical treatment of the water was then applied to purify real water samples made from a sample of 4.5 g minced of green vegetables dispersed in one liter of water (4.5 g/l). The green leafy coloured solution was clarified after 154 h of continuous oxidation. The degradation process was confirmed to be independent of intermediates or other species present in solution as it was of first order reaction kinetics. The electrochemical oxidation of organic matter in water using iron (III) doped titanium dioxide coated graphite electrode has potential application on the purification of water.

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Doped with Iron for Water Treatment via Photocatalysis: A Review

“…For instance, I. Mwangi et al (2021) reported an average diameter reduction from 13.7 nm for pure titania to 10.8 nm for iron-doped samples [47]. Similarly, Z.…”

“…Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology [47,48], with their sizes dependent on the synthesis method employed. Common methods include sol-gel, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal approaches, with synthesis temperature also impacting nanoparticle sizes [29].…”

Impact of continuous electrochemical degradation of eucalyptus alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping wastewater

“…It is usually hard to remove the high-level pollutants of COD in wastewater (Garg et al 2005;Liang et al 2021). Water is a precious resource for human survival and an indispensable resource for human production (Mwangi et al 2021). The quantity of wastewater discharged by the paper industry is large (Carvalho Neves et al 2020;Mainardis et al 2020).…”

“…Wastewater treatment technologies are not a single technology but a combination of technologies. The conventional treatment technologies for pulp and paper wastewater include electrolysis (Mwangi et al 2021;Sivaranjani et al 2021), adsorption, membrane separation (Poojamnong et al 2020), biological treatment technologies (Sharma et al 2021), advanced oxidation technologies (Pierpaoli et al 2021;Ribeiro et al 2020;Palmas 2021), etc. However, there still exists a high energy consumption issue (Chen et al 2020).…”

Electrochemical Oxidation of Different Therapeutic Classes of Pharmaceuticals Using Graphite-PVC Composite Electrode

“…Using iron(III) doped titanium dioxide-coated graphite electrode exhibited good potential application on the purification of domestic wastewater. 17 Graphite electrode has been used as anode for electrochemical degradation of raw water and digested water. It was observed that the% removal in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 37% and 25% for raw water and digested water, respectively.…”