Iron in the Brain

Beard, John L.; Connor, James R.; Jones, Byron C.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03096.x

Cited by 306 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Iron plays a key role in the metabolism of monoamines in the brain thus iron deficiency leads to symptoms such as apathy, drowsiness, irritability and lack of attention occur due to impaired monoamine oxidase activity 7 . Patients affected from iron deficiency display many behavioral and emotional signs and have symptoms similar to the ones in depressive individuals 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia

Sönmezer¹,

Ali²,

Korkmaz³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of anemia on subjective sleep quality in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: One hundred and four patients diagnosed with IDA and 80 healthy individuals, who are gender and age matched, were included in the study. All participants were requested to fill 3 forms: a socio-demographic form (age, gender, marital status, income level and educational status), hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale and pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results: According to the HAD scale, the average anxiety score was found 9.24±4.37 in patients and 7.58± 4.07 in controls. And, the average depression score was 7.53±4.10 in patients and 6.41±2.74 in controls. The total sleep quality score was 6.71±3.02 in patients and 4.11±1.64 in controls. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality scores. Linear regression analysis showed no association between anxiety and depression with poor sleeping. Corresponding author: Semiz Murat, Gülhane Tıp Akademisi Psikiyatri AD, TR-06020, Ankara, Turkey. Email:drmuratsemiz@hotmail.com Introduction After a negative iron balance in the body due to reasons such as chronic blood loss, increased iron demand, and absorption disorder, hemoglobin synthesis is compensated by mobilization of iron from stores and when the stores of iron fail to release adequate iron, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) develops 1 . Just like in our country, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in the world and is more prevalent in women than men 2,3 . It has been known that more than 30% of those attending to hospitals in developed countries are anemic and the said ratio is much higher in developing countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia

Sönmezer¹,

Ali²,

Korkmaz³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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“…The relationship of iron to brain function, cognition, and behavior, including affective behavior, has been the subject of considerable interest during the past decades (Beard et al, 1993;Hunt and Penland, 1999). Iron deficiency anemia in infants is associated with disturbances in behavior related to alertness, responsiveness, unhappiness, fearfulness, and tension (Lozoff, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Nanri

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tKeywords: Depressive symptoms, Serum ferritin, Body iron store, General population, JapaneseIt remains unclear whether levels of body iron store are related to milder forms of depression, which are more common among apparently healthy people. We examined the association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms among 312 men and 216 women working in two municipal offices in Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. In men, increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (defined by using a cutoff value of ≥ 19) was significantly associated with decreased levels of serum ferritin. In age-and study-site-adjusted models, ORs (95% CIs) for depressive symptoms for men in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.83 (1.01-7.94), 1.74 (0.87-3.49), 1.33 (0.71-2.47), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.02). In multivariate-adjusted model, ORs (95% CIs) in first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of serum ferritin concentrations were 2.88 (0.93-8.91), 1.91 (0.90-4.05), 1.28 (0.66-2.49), and 1.00 (reference), respectively (p for trend = 0.03). No significant association was detected in women. Our finding that men with lower levels of serum ferritin concentrations had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms suggests that adverse psychological effects may be implicated in iron deficiency among middle-age Japanese workers.

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“…Iron is implicated in dopamine function (Snyder and Connor 2009), which has clear potential relevance for mood disorders. Iron also plays a role in oxygenation of brain parenchyma and the synthesis of several neurotransmitters (Beard et al 1993) that may be associated with depression. A third explanation is related to erythropoiesis by occult bleeding (Onder et al 2005;Umegaki et al 2011).…”

Section: Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Future Depressive Symptoms in Women

Lee

Nadimpalli²,

Yoon

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Insufficient hemoglobin and depression share several symptoms and often occur in the same patients. Here, we sought to clarify their relationship by investigating two indices of oxygenation at the tissue level: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and hemoglobin level. We hypothesized that MCHC would be more informative than hemoglobin levels. This prospective, longitudinal, community-based study included 337 participants (108 men and 229 women; age range, 38-87 years) who received evaluations of MCHC, hemoglobin levels and depressive symptom scores (DSS) during baseline and follow-up examinations, which were performed in 2008-2011 and 2010-2012, respectively. MCHC and hemoglobin levels were measured as part of complete blood counts, while DSS was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. Associations were analyzed using linear regression. We found a statistically significant association between baseline MCHC and follow-up DSS (β = −0.69, p = 0.026), which remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounders (β = −0.71, p = 0.011). Further, when we analyzed the relationship separately for men and women, we observed that it remained stable for women before (β = −1.00, p = 0.014) and after (β = −1.09, p = 0.003) adjusting for confounders. The stable association indicates that MCHC may be superior to hemoglobin level as a prognostic factor for future depressive symptoms in women. MCHC is easy to measure and low MCHC is usually treatable. Therefore, screening and intervention efforts could be targeted at women with low MCHC, who appear to have elevated risks of developing depressive symptoms.

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Iron in the Brain

Cited by 306 publications

References 113 publications

Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia

Assessment of subjective sleep quality in iron deficiency anaemia

Association between serum ferritin concentrations and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees

Association between Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Future Depressive Symptoms in Women

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