Iron-Loss and Magnetic Hysteresis Under Arbitrary Waveforms in NO Electrical Steel: A Comparative Study of Hysteresis Models

Iron-Loss and Magnetization Dynamics in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel: 1-D Excitations Up to High Frequencies

“…Furthermore, it contains the geometric and conductive properties of the used material, i.e., thickness b and specific conductivity σ of the sheet. The presented PMD model enables the calculation of the instantaneous non-linear eddy-current diffusion inside an NO steel sheet for arbitrary excitation waveforms [40]. In addition, the obtained PMD model offers interesting insight into the discussed diffusion phenomena.…”

“…is obtained [27], [40], [60], [74]. It is important to note that (7) is written in the so-called mixed form, where the functions B z (x, t) and H z (x, t) are connected via the magnetic constitutive relation of the material (1).…”

“…The non-linear relationshipH s B s in individual slices can be taken into account by applying a proper non-linear function or a hysteresis model [34], [38], [40], [41], [78], [79], [86], [87]. The mixed form of the ODE system (30) offers a straightforward implementation of primal, i.e., inversely formulated hysteresis models, where H is calculated from the known B or dB dt [88].…”

“…Over time, lots of different hysteresis models were developed because magnetic hysteresis represents the most complex physical phenomena inside soft magnetic materials [74]- [76]. These range from complex physical-based to simpler, completely phenomenological hysteresis models [40], [77], [86]- [92]. For application in the PMD model, the inverse hysteresis model should replicate the so-called static hysteresis curves properly [93].…”

“…The in-depth presentation of this modeling approach is completely new, and offers a different and unique analytical insight into the dynamic magnetization and power-loss mechanisms inside NO steel laminations. The presented model offers the flexibility to implement various inverse hysteresis models, and to be extended to account for the effect of local (microscopic) eddy currents [40]. Further on, the PMD model allows one to simulate current-, voltage-and field-driven problems efficiently, and is ready for coupling to external circuits as well as for use in FE simulations of adequate electrical energy transducers.…”