Iron, manganese, and lead contamination in groundwater of Bangladesh: a review

Islam, Md. Zahidul; Mostafa, M. G.

doi:10.2166/wpt.2024.030

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 106 publications

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“…In considered coastal aquifers, concentrations above [81] have been noted in SW-C, India [64], Umhlathuze catchment, South Africa [50], and H AL-S [55], WFB [79], Saudi Arabia (Figure 2). The primary sources were found to be both anthropogenic and geogenic in all the coastal aquifers, which might be due to their availability in the earth's crust [100], as previously mentioned. The nature of anthropogenic influences was mainly found to be dependent on the land utilization of each aquifer, which might include the petrochemical industry, antifouling paint from ships and salt production industry in SW-C, India [54], agrochemicals input from the upper strata in South Africa [50], alloy production in Laizhou Bay, China [56], and the Jianshu coastal zone, China [60].…”

Section: Lead (Pb)mentioning

confidence: 52%

Salinity-Induced Changes in Heavy Metal Behavior and Mobility in Semi-Arid Coastal Aquifers: A Comprehensive Review

Gantayat,

Elumalai

2024

Water

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Semi-arid coastal aquifers face critical challenges characterized by lower rainfall, higher evaporation rates, and looming risk of over-exploitation. These conditions, coupled with climate change, are conducive to seawater intrusion and promote mechanisms associated with it. The understanding of metal behavior in such environments is limited, and hence, an attempt is made through this review to bridge the knowledge gap. A study on the behavior of trace metals within a specific context of semi-arid coastal aquifers was carried out, and 11 aquifers from 6 different countries were included. The review observed that trace metals within semi-arid coastal aquifers exhibit distinctive behaviors influenced by their surrounding environment. The prevalence of evaporation and continuous seawater intrusion played a pivotal role in shaping trace metal dynamics by curtailing groundwater flux. The findings suggest that the formation of stable Cl and organic ligands under increased alkaline conditions (pH > 8) has higher control over Zn, Pb, and Cd toxicity in a highly ionic reactive condition. In addition, dominant control of Fe/Mn-hydroxide association with Pb and high organic affinity of Zn played a pivotal role in controlling its bioavailability in aquifers such as WFB, Saudi Arabia NW-C and India. On the contrary, under prevailing acidic conditions (pH < 6), carbonate and SO4-ligands become more dominant, controlling the bioavailability/desorption of Cu irrespective of its origin. The behavior of Ni is found to be controlled by stable organic ligands increasing salinity. An increase in salinity in the considered aquifers shows an increase in bioavailability of Ni, except UmC, South Africa, where organic ligands act as a sink for the metal, even at low pH conditions (pH < 5.5). This study indicates that factors such as mineral saturation, carbonate complexes, pH variations (pH > 8), and chloride complexes govern the distribution of trace metals further enhanced by prolonged water residence time. Nonetheless, specific conditions, such as a reducing and acidic environment, could potentially elevate the solubility of highly toxic Cr (VI) released from anthropogenic sources.

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Section: Lead (Pb)mentioning

confidence: 52%

Salinity-Induced Changes in Heavy Metal Behavior and Mobility in Semi-Arid Coastal Aquifers: A Comprehensive Review

Gantayat,

Elumalai

2024

Water

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Assessments of hydrogeochemical characteristics, water quality, and health risk of groundwater of Chapi-Nawabganj District of Bangladesh

Islam,

Mostafa

2024

H2Open Journal

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A total of 60 groundwater samples were collected over three seasons, aiming to assess hydrochemical characteristics, water quality, pollution level, and health risk. The concentration of Fe, Mn, and Pb exceeded almost 100% of samples in three seasons. The groundwater was found to be highly contaminated with Cd and Cr in the pre-monsoon and Ni in the monsoon. The order of major ion and trace metal concentrations is as follows: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+; HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3− > PO43−, and Fe > Mn > Pb > Cd in three seasons. The groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO3− type. The study suggests that the contamination sources are mostly geogenic as well as slightly anthropogenic. The water–rock interactions are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, along with silicate weathering, which controls the hydrochemistry of the groundwater. The indices, including the Water Quality Index (WQI), and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCMEWQI), revealed that the groundwater quality in the area was moderately polluted. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HMPI), and human health risk assessment (HRA) illustrated that groundwater is a significant health hazard, indicating it is unsuitable for human consumption and suggesting treatment before drinking.

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Improvement of Removal Rates for Iron and Manganese in Groundwater Using Dual-Media Filters Filled with Manganese-Oxide-Coated Sand and Ceramic in Nepal

Shrestha,

Kazama,

Sawangjang

et al. 2024

Water

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Iron and manganese in groundwater impair the quality of drinking water; however, the rates of iron and manganese removal with conventional aeration and rapid sand filtration (RSF) processes vary extensively. Five full-scale aeration–RSF processes in Nepal also showed varying efficiencies of iron and manganese removal; while the iron concentration was below the national standard (0.30 mg/L) in 31 out of the 37 treated waters, the manganese concentration was higher than the standard (0.20 mg/L) in all of the treated waters. Re-aeration and stirring of the treated water did not oxidize soluble manganese, and this caused the poor removal rates for manganese. Bench-scale dual-media filters comprising anthracite on top of sand/ceramic layers with dosages of poly aluminum chloride and chlorine worked well by removing coagulated iron in the anthracite layer and then removing manganese in the sand/ceramic layers. A manganese-oxide-coated ceramic filter provided the highest manganese removal from 1.10 mg/L to <0.01 mg/L, followed by manganese-oxide-coated sand and quartz sand. Increasing the pH from 7.5 to 9.0 stabilized the manganese removal. Therefore, we propose a re-design of the present treatment processes and the selection of suitable filter media for better removal of iron and manganese.

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Iron, manganese, and lead contamination in groundwater of Bangladesh: a review

Cited by 5 publications

References 106 publications

Salinity-Induced Changes in Heavy Metal Behavior and Mobility in Semi-Arid Coastal Aquifers: A Comprehensive Review

Salinity-Induced Changes in Heavy Metal Behavior and Mobility in Semi-Arid Coastal Aquifers: A Comprehensive Review

Assessments of hydrogeochemical characteristics, water quality, and health risk of groundwater of Chapi-Nawabganj District of Bangladesh

Improvement of Removal Rates for Iron and Manganese in Groundwater Using Dual-Media Filters Filled with Manganese-Oxide-Coated Sand and Ceramic in Nepal

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