Iron Metabolism

Bernát, Iván

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7308-1

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This is because iron stores accumulated in utero provide for the neonate. However, by the end of the fifth or sixth month, these stores are exhausted (Bernat, 1983) and iron deficiency becomes increasingly prevalent among infants and children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental, diachronic, and demographic analysis of cribra orbitalia in the medieval christian populations of Kulubnarti

Mittler

Gerven

1994

American J Phys Anthropol

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Previous analysis of cribra orbitalia in the medieval populations of Kulubnarti focused only on the presence or absence of the lesion relative to age, sex, and cultural period. Demographic consideration of the lesion was limited to a gross comparison of lesion frequencies and probabilities of dying by age group. The scope of the earlier work has been expanded in the present research to include the consideration of cribra orbitalia from a developmental, demographic, and diachronic perspective. The sample consisted of the same 334 crania analyzed by Van Gerven et al. ([1981] J. Hum. Evol. 10:395-408). All skulls showing the lesion were dichotomized as active or healing, and separate life tables were constructed for those with lesions and those without. The results demonstrate that active lesions are confined entirely to infancy and childhood with formation beginning as early as six months and ending by the twelfth year. This childhood pattern is consistent with the iron deficiency anemia hypothesis proposed by Carlson et al. ([1974] J. Hum. Evol. 3:405-410). Among young adults (16-40), healing lesions occur more frequently in males than females. In the older age categories, however, females exhibit a higher frequency of partially healed lesions than males. A life table comparison of those with and those without cribra orbitalia reveals a dramatic reduction in mean life expectancy for those with the lesion across the formative childhood years (birth-16). This reduction peaks at age 5 where 78% of the children exhibit lesions and where they, as a group, have a mean life expectancy 15.5 years below those without the lesion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental, diachronic, and demographic analysis of cribra orbitalia in the medieval christian populations of Kulubnarti

Mittler

Gerven

1994

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Iron is an essential nutrient that is required for several tissue functions. It is directly involved in hemoglobin synthesis and oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and electron transport, as well as a variety of other metabolic processes [Bernát, 1983;Kang, 2001;Lieu et al, 2001]. Iron is not easily excreted; therefore, absorption of dietary iron generally dictates body stores [Beard et al, 1996;Kang, 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive iron absorption can lead to either hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis. Iron accumulates first in the mucosal cells of the duodenum and then is preferentially stored in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow as hemosiderin [Bernát, 1983;Goodhart & Shils, 1980;Weinberg, 1981]. When excess hemosiderin is stored in tissues but disease is not present, the condition is termed ''hemosiderosis.''…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and severity of hemosiderosis in a large captive lemur population

Glenn

Campbell

Rotstein

et al. 2006

American J Primatol

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Significant concern has been generated about the susceptibility of captive lemurs to iron storage disease, which has led some researchers to propose husbandry changes regarding dietary iron. In the current study we sought to determine the history, severity, and prevalence of iron storage disease within a large captive lemur population. Iron concentration and hemosiderin accumulation in a target organ, the liver, were assessed in necropsy specimens from 15 different species (n=153) of lemurs over a 12-yr period at the Duke University Primate Center. Banked liver tissue was used to quantify liver iron concentration (LIC) via neutron activation analysis (NAA). Prussian blue staining was used to accentuate the presence of liver iron for evaluation using an established scoring system. Of the 153 reports examined, 49 (32%) of the animals were considered positive for the presence of hemosiderin in the liver, lymph node, duodenum, and kidney, with 36 of the 49 (73%) showing deposition of iron in the liver. Total iron scores (TIS) ranged from 0.3+/-0.3 in Lemur catta to 33.3+/-1.7 in Cheirogaleus medius. The mean LIC ranged from 209+/-1.4 microg/g wet weight in L. catta to 2957+/-414 microg/g in C. medius. Management practices may have contributed to some of the results observed in this study. Although evidence of excess iron deposition in the liver was present across several species studied, the levels were not as pervasive as previously reported in other captive lemur populations. Hemochromatosis was not observed, and excess iron was not related to the cause of death in any of the animals studied. The current findings suggest that iron overload in lemurs may be more complex than was previously believed.

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“…Furthermore, below a pH of 6.�. 5, Fe 2 + is more soluble (in contrast to the Fe3 +) (Bernat, 1983). Intracellular iron is stored in ferritin (Harrison, 1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

Acidosis-Induced Ischemic Brain Damage: Are Free Radicals Involved?

Lundgren

Zhang²,

Agardh

et al. 1991

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: Substantial evidence exists that reactive oxy gen species participate in the pathogenesis of brain dam age following both sustained and transient cerebral isch emia, adversely affecting the vascular endothelium and contributing to the formation of edema. One likely trig gering event for free radical damage is delocalization of protein-bound iron. The binding capacity for some iron binding proteins is highly pH sensitive and, consequently, the release of iron is enhanced by acidosis. In this study, we explored whether enhanced acidosis during ischemia triggers the production of reactive oxygen species. To that end, enhanced acidosis was produced by inducing ischemia in hyperglycemic rats, with normoglycemic ones serving as controls. Production of HzOz, estimated from the decrease in catalase activity after 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) administration, was measured in the cerebral cortex, caudoputamen, hippocampus, and sub stantia nigra (SN) after 15 min of ischemia followed by 5, 15, and 45 min of recovery, respectively (in substantia nigra after 45 min of recovery only). Free iron in cere brospinal fluid (CSF) was measured after ischemia and 45 min of recovery. Levels of total glutathione (aSH + OSSH) in cortex and hippocampus, and levels of Abbreviations used: AT, 3-amino-I,2,4-triazole; GSH, gluta thione; MeA, middle cerebral artery; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PEG, polyethylene glycol; SN, substantia nigra; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TBAR, thiobarbituriac acid-reactive. 587a-tocopherol in cortex, were also measured after 15 min of ischemia followed by 5, 15, and 45 min of recovery. The results confirm previous findings that brief ischemia in normoglycemic animals does not measurably increase H202 production in AT-injected animals. Ischemia under hyperglycemic conditions likewise failed to induce in creased H202 production. No difference in free iron in CSF was observed between animals subjected to isch emia under hyper-and normoglycemic conditions. The moderate decrease in total glutathione or a-tocopherol levels did not differ between normo-and hyperglycemic animals in any brain region or at any recovery time. Thus, the results failed to give positive evidence for free radical damage following brief periods of ischemia complicated by excessive acidosis. However, it is possible that free radical production is localized to a small subcellular com partment within the tissue, thereby escaping detection. Also, the results do not exclude the possibility that free radicals are pathogenetically important after ischemia of longer duration.

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Iron Metabolism

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Developmental, diachronic, and demographic analysis of cribra orbitalia in the medieval christian populations of Kulubnarti

Developmental, diachronic, and demographic analysis of cribra orbitalia in the medieval christian populations of Kulubnarti

Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and severity of hemosiderosis in a large captive lemur population

Acidosis-Induced Ischemic Brain Damage: Are Free Radicals Involved?

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