Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders

Harvey, John W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370491-7.00009-x

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…13 Absolute iron deficiency results in deficient heme synthesis and eventual microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, although acute iron deficiency anemia is generally normocytic and normochromic. 13 The MCV typically drops below the reference interval only after weeks to months of iron deficiency and a low MCHC is not commonly observed in cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 TSAT is generally decreased in absolute iron deficiency anemia because of insufficient iron stores and is normal to decreased in anemia of inflammatory disease. 3 In these population of cats with chronic kidney disease the median TSAT was 20.2% for 7 anemic cats and 29% for 32 nonanemic cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Ferritin concentrations are primarily decreased in absolute iron deficiency anemia and increased in iron overload, hemochromatosis secondary to repeated blood transfusion and systemic inflammatory disease. 13,17,21 It is an acute phase protein and secretion is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a. 3,8,13,22,23 Inflammatory disease reportedly increases ferritin concentration in 63.2% of cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,17,21 It is an acute phase protein and secretion is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a. 3,8,13,22,23 Inflammatory disease reportedly increases ferritin concentration in 63.2% of cats. 11 In this study, we did not find a difference among groups for serum ferritin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TIBC is decreased in inflammation thus our results support the presence of inflammation in this population of cats with CKD. [13][14][15][16][17] TSAT and MCV were significantly lower in anemic cats compared to nonanemic cats with chronic kidney disease. These findings are consistent with both an absolute and a functional iron deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

2016

Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery

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Background: Iron deficiency is a proposed mechanism for the anemia that occurs in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Minimal research investigating the iron status of these cats has been performed.Objective: To compare indicators of iron status in cats with CKD versus healthy cats and cats with nonrenal illness (NRI). To compare indicators of iron status in anemic versus nonanemic cats with CKD.Animals: Thiry-nine client or employee owned healthy cats, 40 cats with CKD and 34 cats with NRI included. Methods: Exclusion criteria included prior iron or erythropoiesis stimulating agent administration, blood transfusion, or concurrent CKD and NRI. Complete blood counts, serum chemistries, serum iron concentrations, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin concentrations were measured and percent transferrin saturation (TSAT) calculated on all cats. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical testing.Results: No statistically significant differences were detected among groups for iron concentration (P = .50), ferritin concentration (P = .47), or TSAT (P = .19). TIBC was significantly lower in CKD (median 262 lg/dL; IQR 233-302; range 165-488) versus healthy cats (median 316 lg/dL; IQR 272-345, range 196-464); (P = .0030). When comparing anemic (hemoglobin <9.5 g/dL) versus nonanemic cats with CKD, TSAT was significantly lower (P = .033) in anemic (median 20.2%;) compared to nonanemic (median 29.0%;. No statistically significant differences found for ferritin concentration (P = .94), iron concentration (P = .21) or TIBC (P = .97).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that an iron deficient state exists in anemic cats with CKD and is more likely functional rather than absolute.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

2016

Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery

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Electrophoresis and Acute‐Phase Proteins

Giordano¹

2022

Schalm's Veterinary Hematology

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Exploring Serum Ferritin's Connection to the Acute Phase Response in Zoo‐Managed African Rhinoceroses

Rispoli,

Wojtusik,

Roth

2024

Zoo Biology

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Despite serum ferritin's potential as an iron status indicator, its concentrations vary significantly throughout a black rhinoceros's (Diceros bicornis) life, sometimes irrespective of iron load. We explored acute phase response‐related biomarkers, serum amyloid A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), to better understand the mechanisms influencing serum ferritin changes in managed black rhinoceroses. The objective was to evaluate the relationships between circulating levels of ferritin, SAA, and Cp in black and white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum). We analyzed banked serum samples collected serially from 11 black (n = 222) and 7 white (n = 134), rhinoceroses (rhinos) and classified samples based on SAA values: clinically healthy (< 1 mg/L), subclinical (1–7 mg/L), or clinically abnormal (> 7 mg/L). In black rhinos, serum ferritin was not different between health status categories (p = 0.5292), nor was it correlated with SAA (p = 0.4164). However, Cp activity was significantly lower in clinically healthy sera (p < 0.0001) and had a moderate positive association with SAA (r = 0.477, p < 0.0001). Among the white rhino samples, only five had SAA values greater than 1 mg/L, limiting the assessment of ferritin and Cp activity in the health context. Minor, yet significant, relationships were observed between serum ferritin and Cp activity, negative in black rhinos (r = −0.206; p = 0.0022) and positive in white rhinos (r = 0.289, p = 0.0008). Cp activity may aid in diagnosing illness in black and white rhinos, based on values observed in sera collected near the time of death. However, acute inflammatory processes do not appear to be one of the primary drivers of the high ferritin concentrations detected in some black rhinos.

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Iron Metabolism and Its Disorders

Cited by 30 publications

References 165 publications

Iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

Iron status of cats with chronic kidney disease

Electrophoresis and Acute‐Phase Proteins

Exploring Serum Ferritin's Connection to the Acute Phase Response in Zoo‐Managed African Rhinoceroses

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