Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Bagaria, Hitesh G.; Xue, Zheng; Neilson, Bethany M.; Worthen, Andrew J.; Yoon, Ki Youl; Nayak, Susheela; Cheng, Victoria; Lee, Jae Ho; Bielawski, Christopher W.; Johnston, Keith P.

doi:10.1021/am4003974

Cited by 92 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…35,40 The adsorption of anionic particles to a negatively charged oil-water interface increases with increasing salinity by reducing electrostatic repulsion, both for equilibrium and kinetic reasons. 35,40 However, too much salt may screen the charge to the extent that lack of repulsion results in aggregation of particles, [41][42][43][44][45] thereby breaking the foam. 46 Despite the efforts to facilitate the adsorption of particles to C/W interfaces, C/W foams stabilized with particles alone have had a maximum viscosity of ~ 16 cP up to  = 0.9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity and stability of ultra-high internal phase CO2-in-water foams stabilized with surfactants and nanoparticles with or without polyelectrolytes

Xue

Worthen

Qajar

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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134

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To date, relatively few examples of ultra-high internal phase supercritical CO2-in-water foams (also referred to as macroemulsions) have been observed, despite interest in applications including "waterless" hydraulic fracturing in energy production. The viscosities and stabilities of foams up to 0.98 CO2 volume fraction were investigated in terms of foam bubble size, interfacial tension, and bulk and surface viscosity. The foams were stabilized with laurylamidopropyl betaine (LAPB) surfactant and silica nanoparticles (NPs), with and without partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). For foams stabilized with mixture of LAPB and NPs, fine ∼70 μm bubbles and high viscosities on the order of 100 cP at>0.90 internal phase fraction were stabilized for hours to days. The surfactant reduces interfacial tension, and thus facilitates bubble generation and decreases the capillary pressure to reduce the drainage rate of the lamella. The LAPB, which is in the cationic protonated form, also attracts anionic NPs (and anionic HPAM in systems containing polymer) to the interface. The adsorbed NPs at the interface are shown to slow down Ostwald ripening (with or without polymer added) and increase foam stability. In systems with added HPAM, the increase in the bulk and surface viscosity of the aqueous phase further decreases the lamella drainage rate and inhibits coalescence of foams. Thus, the added polymer increases the foam viscosity by threefold. Scaling law analysis shows the viscosity of 0.90 volume fraction foams is inversely proportional to the bubble size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity and stability of ultra-high internal phase CO2-in-water foams stabilized with surfactants and nanoparticles with or without polyelectrolytes

Xue

Worthen

Qajar

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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134

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“…Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were prepared via a co-precipitation method [23,25,26]. Briefly, an amount of 2.15 g of FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O and 5.87 g of FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O were dissolved in 100 mL DI-H 2 O, resulting in the molar ratio of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ at 1:2.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, amine functionalization of the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles was accomplished by a coating method identified as the APTES coating process [23,26]. During this procedure, an amount of 2.96 mL of APTES and 1.34 mL of glacial acetic acid were added into 28 mL of DI-H 2 O at room temperature.…”

Section: Functionalization Of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Earth Element Adsorption onto PAA-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this paper, we present a study on the adsorption of calcium (Ca 2+ ) onto polyacrylic acid-functionalized iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (PAA-MNPs) to gain an insight into the adsorption behavior of alkaline earth elements at conditions typical of produced water from hydraulic fracturing. An aqueous co-precipitation method was employed to fabricate iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, whose surface was first coated with amine and then by PAA. To evaluate the Ca 2+ adsorption capacity by PAA-MNPs, the Ca 2+ adsorption isotherm was measured in batch as a function of pH and sodium chlorite (electrolyte) concentration. A surface complexation model accounting for the coulombic forces in the diffuse double layer was developed to describe the competitive adsorption of protons (H + ) and Ca 2+ onto the anionic carboxyl ligands of the PAA-MNPs. Measurements show that Ca 2+ adsorption is significant above pH 5 and decreases with the electrolyte concentration. Upon adsorption, the nanoparticle suspension destabilizes and creates large clusters, which favor an efficient magnetic separation of the PAA-MNPs, therefore, helping their recovery and recycle. The model agrees well with the experiments and predicts that the maximum adsorption capacity can be achieved within the pH range of the produced water, although that maximum declines with the electrolyte concentration.

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“…IOMNPs were prepared via a coprecipitation method (Massart, 1981;Bee et al, 1995;Bagaria et al, 2013;Xue et al, 2014). Briefly, 2.15 g of FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O and 5.87 g of FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O with a molar ratio of Fe 2ϩ and Fe 3ϩ at 1:2 were dissolved in 100 mL H 2 O.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Iomnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Divalent Cations from Brine Using Selective Adsorption onto Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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Divalent cations, especially calcium (Ca 2ϩ ), are known to significantly affect the performance of anionic surfactants and polymers used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. An efficient technique to remove Ca 2ϩ from brine is reported, which is based on selective adsorption of Ca 2ϩ onto functionalized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs). Upon adsorption, the IOMNPs can be separated by applying a magnetic field, leaving behind softened water.IOMNP was synthesized by coprecipitation, and the amine-functionalization of its surface was obtained according to an aqueous APTES coating process. Chelating agent, polyacrylic acid (PAA), was successfully coated on amine-functionalized IOMNPs via amidation of carboxylic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). PAA modification significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of IOMNPs due to their great ability to chelate Ca 2ϩ . The effect of pH on adsorption capacity was also investigated. The adsorption capacity of Ca 2ϩ onto PAA-IOMNPs was found to be as high as 57.2 mg/g at pH 7 from the 400 mg/L Ca 2ϩ solution. However, in American Petroleum Institute (API) standard brine (8ϫ10 4 mg/L NaCl and 2ϫ10 4 mg/L CaCl 2 ), the adsorption capacity of IOMNPs decreased to 9.8 mg/g since the high salinity screens the charges on the surface of PAA-IOMNPs and results in the formation of nanoparticle aggregates. PAA-IOMNPs can be reused after treated by acetic acid solution.A geochemical model was developed to describe the competitive adsorption of Ca 2ϩ and H ϩ onto amine-functionalized IOMNPs as a function of solution pH and Ca 2ϩ concentration. Comparison between the model and the experiments shows that the adsorption isotherms predict the behavior of the system very well. Below pH 4, adsorption of Ca 2ϩ is negligible and becomes important above pH 7. This opens the possibility of recovering the nanoparticles after the divalent cation removal, and reusing them for the repeated water softening.

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Cited by 92 publications

References 80 publications

Viscosity and stability of ultra-high internal phase CO2-in-water foams stabilized with surfactants and nanoparticles with or without polyelectrolytes

Viscosity and stability of ultra-high internal phase CO2-in-water foams stabilized with surfactants and nanoparticles with or without polyelectrolytes

Alkaline Earth Element Adsorption onto PAA-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles

Removal of Divalent Cations from Brine Using Selective Adsorption onto Magnetic Nanoparticles

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