Iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, functionalization, and applications in diagnosis and treatment of cancer

Biosynthesis of magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using extracts of “hairy” roots: preparation, characterization, estimation for environmental remediation and biological application

“…12 Various methods can be used for nanomaterials synthesis, like the sol-gel method, chemical reduction, co-precipitation, solvothermal/hydrothermal, microbial, and others. 13 Application of nanotechnologies in biology initiated a swi increase of investigations in the use of plants for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles for their application in medicine and industry. Plant extracts possess reducing activity and due to this capacity, they can be used for the so-called "green" synthesis of various types of nanoparticles.…”

“…14 There are several reviews about the methods of synthesis and practical application of "green" synthesized MNPs in comparison with nanoparticles obtained by "non-green" preparation. 13,15,16 The reagents used in these "non-green" approaches are considered to be harmful for the environment. "Green" synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic compared with ones prepared using chemical reduction agents.…”

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Some Selected Medicinal Plants from Southern Africa and Their Biological Applications

“…They are strong antimicrobial agents exhibiting excellent disinfecting properties against several infectious organisms [ 55 ]. The application of iron oxide NPs in many biomedical applications like gene therapy, stem cells, cancer, and atherosclerosis has been reported [ 56 ]. These NPs have been developed as anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, and targeted drug delivery agents.…”

Green Synthesis: An Eco-friendly Route for the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Based upon their distinct characteristics, NPs are categorized into different classes including-carbon and lipid based, metal, ceramics, semiconductor and polymeric (Bhatia, 2016;Ealias and Saravanakumar, 2017;Amoabediny et al, 2018;Khan et al, 2019). Different metal oxides like iron oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, tungsten (di, tri) oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon and gold oxides have broad applications in the environment (detection of toxins and pollutants, remediation, photo degradation, water treatment), catalysis, textile industry, electronics (batteries, optical limiting devices, gas sensor), mechanical industries, pharmaceutical sector (cancer therapy, drug delivery, tissue repair) and energy scavenging (nanogenerators) (Oskam, 2006;Laurent et al, 2008;Kulkarni and Muddapur, 2014;Kumar et al,2018;Mei and Wu, 2018;Odularu, 2018;Aminabad et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2019;Malakootian et al, 2019;Massironi et al, 2019;Saleh et al, 2019;Shnoudeh et al, 2019;Vahed et al, 2019;Vasantharaj et al, 2019;Vinci and Rapa, 2019;Yusof et al, 2019;Borah et al, 2020;Hernández et al, 2020;Vahidi et al, 2020;Mughal et al, 2021). Out of these metal oxides nanoparticles, one of the preeminent biocompatible nanoparticles are iron oxides as they have magnificent minuscule physical characteristics like superparamagnetism, firmness in liquid solution, low suseptibility to oxidation, long blood half-lives, flexible surface chemistry with wide range of applications in environmental regulation like antibiotic degradation, adsorption of dyes, food related processes, biomedical (drug delivery, magnetic cell sorting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), immunoassays, tissue engineering, stem cell tracking, hyperthermia treatment of cancer), bioengineering, cosmetics and bio sensing along with antimicrobial activity against various pathogens like fungus, bacteria and ROS (Figure 1)…”