Iron Oxides in the Human Brain

Collingwood, Joanna F.; Telling, Neil D.

doi:10.1002/9783527691395.ch7

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…These were found to have a range of sizes, from superparamagnetic to single domain (Bozorth, ; Jiles, ; Nagata, ). This first work was succeeded by further studies of magnetite in the normal brain (Kirschvink, Kobayashi‐Kirschvink, Diaz‐Ricci, & Kirschvink, ; Maher et al, ) including the distribution (Gilder et al, ) and effect of age (Dobson, ), and many studies of magnetite in brains with neurodegenerative disease (Castellani et al, ; Collingwood & Dobson, ; Collingwood & Telling, ; Dobson, , ; Grünblatt, Bartl, & Riederer, ; Hautot, Pankhurst, Khan, & Dobson, ; Pankhurst, Hautot, Khan, & Dobson, ; Plascencia‐Villa et al, ; Quintana et al, ; Scaiano, Monahan, & Renaud, ; Smith, Harris, Sayre, & Perry, ; Smith et al, ; Teller, Tahirbegi, Mir, Samitier, & Soriano, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…There has been much interest in magnetite because of its strong interaction with elements in the brain, due to its combination of redox activity (Everett et al, ), strong magnetic behavior, particle surface charge (Grünblatt et al, ), and Fenton‐like chemistry (Collingwood & Telling, ). Some authors believe that magnetite serves a physiological purpose in the normal brain (Kirschvink, Kobayashi‐Kirschvink, A., Diaz‐Ricci, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compounds of the other magnetic elements, nickel and cobalt, are not significantly present. Maghemite was originally seen along with magnetite (Kirschvink, Kobayashi‐Kirschvink, & Woodford, ), but appears to play only a small role in comparison to magnetite (Collingwood & Telling, ). Maghemite has about the same magnetization curve as magnetite, and in our system, we cannot observe the difference between the two compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain

Khan

Cohen

2018

Human Brain Mapping

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During the past several decades there has been much interest in the existence of magnetite particles in the human brain and their accumulation with age. These particles also appear to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. However, up to now the amount and distribution of these particles has been measured only in post‐mortem brain tissue. Although in‐vivo MRI measurements do show iron compounds generally, MRI cannot separate them according to their magnetic phases, which are associated with their chemical interactions. In contrast, we here offer a new noninvasive, in‐vivo method which is selectively sensitive only to particles which can be strongly magnetized. We magnetize these particles with a strong magnetic field through the head, and then measure the resulting magnetic fields, using the dcMagnetoencephalogram (dcMEG). From these data, the mass and locations of the particles can be estimated, using a distributed inverse solution. To test the method, we measured 11 healthy male subjects (ages 19–89 year). Accumulation of magnetite, in the hippocampal formation or nearby structures, was observed in the older men. These in‐vivo findings agree with reports of post‐mortem measurements of their locations, and of their accumulation with age. Thus, our findings allow in‐vivo measurement of magnetite in the human brain, and possibly open the door for new studies of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain

Khan

Cohen

2018

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Altered levels of biometals have been related with neurogenerative diseases, especially in AD with accumulation of highly active iron ions (Fe 2+ ). Particularly, this excess iron by interaction with Aβ cause its precipitation and also may lead formation of inorganic aggregates of recognized iron oxides observed in the human brain with variable arrangements: ferrihydrite (5Fe 2 O 3 • 9H 2 O), haematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), wüstite (FeO) and goethite (α-FeO(OH)) 29 . Ultra-thin sections of isolated APC showed presence of electrodense aggregates coupled to compact fibrillar arrangements ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution analytical imaging and electron holography of magnetite particles in amyloid cores of Alzheimer’s disease

Plascencia-Villa

Ponce

Collingwood

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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125

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Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Formation of amyloid-β plaque cores (APC) is related to interactions with biometals, especially Fe, Cu and Zn, but their particular structural associations and roles remain unclear. Using an integrative set of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM), nano-beam electron diffraction, electron holography and analytical spectroscopy techniques (EDX and EELS), we demonstrate that Fe in APC is present as iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetite nanoparticles. Here we show that Fe was accumulated primarily as nanostructured particles within APC, whereas Cu and Zn were distributed through the amyloid fibers. Remarkably, these highly organized crystalline magnetite nanostructures directly bound into fibrillar Aβ showed characteristic superparamagnetic responses with saturated magnetization with circular contours, as observed for the first time by off-axis electron holography of nanometer scale particles.

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“…, a natural mineral known as the black iron oxide, is relatively stable at room temperature, very quickly transforms in maghemite and shows the strongest magnetism compared to other transition metal oxides [16]. Fe 3 O 4 has an inverse spinel structure with all the Fe 2+ ions and half of the Fe 3+ ions distributed in the octahedral sites and the other half of the Fe 3+ ions distributed in the tetrahedral sites being surrounded by four oxygen atoms [17].…”

Section: Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Aspects on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Interventions as Anticancer Agents: Enucleation, Apoptosis and Other Mechanism

Moacă¹,

Coricovac²,

MarinelaSoica³

et al. 2018

Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materials

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The broad area of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (M-IONP) applications and their exclusive physico-chemical characteristics (superparamagnetic properties per se, solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, and high bioavailability in vivo) make these nanoparticles suitable candidates for biomedical uses. The most employed magnetic iron oxides in the biomedical field are magnetite and maghemite. Cancer represents a complex pathology that implies multiple mechanisms and signaling pathways, this complexity being responsible for the increased resistance to therapy and the lack of an effective curative treatment. A potential useful alternative was considered to be the use of magnetic iron nanoparticles. The M-IONPs proved to be effective as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, as drug delivery carriers for different therapeutic agents, in magnetic cell separation assays, and are suitable to be engineered in terms of size, targeted delivery and substance release. Moreover, their in vivo administration was considered safe, and recent studies indicated their efficiency as anticancer agents. This chapter aims to furnish an overview regarding the physico-chemical properties of M-IONPs (mainly magnetite, maghemite and hematite), the synthesis methods and their in vitro biological impact on healthy and cancer cell lines, by describing their potential mechanism of action-enucleation, apoptosis or other mechanisms.

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Iron Oxides in the Human Brain

Cited by 16 publications

References 161 publications

Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain

Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain

High-resolution analytical imaging and electron holography of magnetite particles in amyloid cores of Alzheimer’s disease

Preclinical Aspects on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Interventions as Anticancer Agents: Enucleation, Apoptosis and Other Mechanism

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