Iron Powders from Steel Industry by-products

Sista, Kameswara Srikar; Dwarapudi, Srinivas

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-722

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For producing this value-added product, a chemical reduction technique is suitable through the use of steel by-products. The optimisation of the process parameters of the applied techniques aims to produce pure iron powders [84]. Furthermore, by applying the Sequential Chemical Extraction (SE), analysis information on the composition of solid steel processing by-products can be provided, resulting in the possibility to their classification process to improve the environmental protection.…”

Section: Reuse Of Other By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Branca

Colla

Algermissen

et al. 2020

Metals

164

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Over the last few decades, the European steel industry has focused its efforts on the improvement of by-product recovery and quality, based not only on existing technologies, but also on the development of innovative sustainable solutions. These activities have led the steel industry to save natural resources and to reduce its environmental impact, resulting in being closer to its “zero-waste” goal. In addition, the concept of Circular Economy has been recently strongly emphasised at a European level. The opportunity is perceived of improving the environmental sustainability of the steel production by saving primary raw materials and costs related to by-products and waste landfilling. The aim of this review paper was to analyse the most recent results on the reuse and recycling of by-products of the steelmaking cycles as well as on the exploitation of by-products from other activities outside the steel production cycle, such as alternative carbon sources (e.g., biomasses and plastics). The most relevant results are identified and a global vision of the state-of-the-art is extracted, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the main outcomes achieved by the European steel industry and of the ongoing or potential synergies with other industrial sectors.

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Section: Reuse Of Other By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Branca

Colla

Algermissen

et al. 2020

Metals

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike what has been proposed in the literature [26,30,[48][49][50][51][52], red mud reduction will be carried out by exploiting another sub-product of the steel industry, the blast furnace sludge as a reducing agent. Blast furnace sludge has proven to be able to replace carbon coke in the reduction of steelworks dust, zinc, blended iron ore, and jarosite [53][54][55][56][57], thanks to the residual content of unburnt coke [53]. To determine the correct ratio of red mud/blast furnace sludge; the reducibility of the red mud is evaluated using graphite in different proportions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Recovery from Bauxite Tailings Red Mud by Thermal Reduction with Blast Furnace Sludge

et al. 2019

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More than 100 million tons of red mud were produced annually in the world over the short time range from 2011 to 2018. Red mud represents one of the metallurgical by-products more difficult to dispose of due to the high alkalinity (pH 10–13) and storage techniques issues. Up to now, economically viable commercial processes for the recovery and the reuse of these waste were not available. Due to the high content of iron oxide (30–60% wt.) red mud ranks as a potential raw material for the production of iron through a direct route. In this work, a novel process at the laboratory scale to produce iron sponge (≤ 1300 °C) or cast iron (> 1300 °C) using blast furnace sludge as a reducing agent is presented. Red mud-reducing agent mixes were reduced in a muffle furnace at 1200, 1300, and 1500 °C for 15 min. Pure graphite and blast furnace sludges were used as reducing agents with different equivalent carbon concentrations. The results confirmed the blast furnace sludge as a suitable reducing agent to recover the iron fraction contained in the red mud. For all the conditions tested, the metallization degree was higher than 70%, and the best condition to reduce red mud through blast furnace sludge was identified at 1:1 red mud/blast furnace (B.F.) sludges equal to 0.85 C/Fe2O3.

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“…Over the past decade, lot of developments took place to produce fine powder and in the existing scenario only few process like atomization, reduction, carbonyl, and electrolytic synthesis are economically viable and well accepted. 22) Shape and Morphology of all the four grades of iron powder are presented in Fig. 5, Carbonyl iron powders are spherical in shape whereas atomized and reduce iron powder are more irregular.…”

Section: Iron Powder In Diamond Cutting Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%