Iron status in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

Afkhami-Ardekani, Mohammad; Rabiei, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.11.006

Cited by 79 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In particular, iron, which is abundant in placenta, is one of the most important generators of highly reactive free radicals in both normal and pathological conditions (18). Our findings that blood iron, in terms of blood HGB and RBC, is significantly elevated in pregnant women affected by GDM compared with women with preeclampsia (Hb: 13.0 ± 3.2 g/dL vs.11.2 ± 1.4 g/dL; P<.05) are in good agreement with those recently reported in a similar study by Afkhami-Ardekani et al (11). In this study the concentrations of serum ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation and HGB, MCV, and MCH were significantly higher in Iranian pregnant women with GDM (Hb: 13.4 ±1.1 g/ dL vs. 11.8 ± 1.4 g/dL; P<.001), indicating a potential association between increased iron status and GDM.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Women with GDM are at a significantly higher risk of developing preeclampsia or hypertension after pregnancy compared to healthy subjects (9), probably due to presence of preexisting common risk factors for both GDM and hypertension (10). Other studies have shown that GDM may be also associated to increased blood iron storage and transport (11,12).In addition, different studies on the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI), symptomatic and/or asymptomatic bacteriuria in different populations of female diabetic patients reported contrasting results, showing that they can be either increased (13); or unchanged to this diabetic complication compared to non-diabetic subjects (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the Republic of Kosovo: a Retrospective Pilot Study.

Daci¹,

Elshani²,

Beretta³

2013

Med Arh

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3B ackground: GDM is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Pregnancy causes some insulin resistance in all women, but only a few develop GDM. Objective: To test the hypothesis that women with GDM have impaired regulation of blood iron storage and transport, decreased renal function due to decreased glomerular filtration rate and occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Study design and Methods: Incidence of blood iron storage was investigated in n=30 pregnant kosovar women with GDM after mild of pregnancy and in n=30 pregnant women without GDM (years 2010-2012). Results and Discussion: Baby weights, both systolic and diastolic BP, creatinine, albumin, lymphocytes, monocytes, WBC and granulocytes in both groups were within their normal ranges in both groups. Compared to control group, glucose was higher in women with GDM (mean ± SD: 7.43±2.23 mg/dL vs. 4.33±0.63 mg/dL; P<0.001). Women with GDM had also higher RBC (mean ± SD: 4.4±0.8 % vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 %; P<0.005) and HGB (mean ± SD: 13.0±3.2 g/dL vs. 11.2±1.4 mg/dL; P<0.05), and decreased renal functionality (MDRD-GFR: 92.8 ± 25.8 g/dL vs. 108.2 ± 38.2 g/dL; P<.05).Conclusion: There is a potential association between iron status and GDM. The role of iron from diet and/or from supplementation in GDM pathogenesis needs still to be examined. In addition we have observed a decrease of glomerular filtration rate in women with GDM. Due to the lack of studies on the relationships between GDM and UTI, and to the retrospective design of the present investigation, it is difficult to establish whether UTI may be a GDM causal factor or a consequence of GDM symptoms, signs and/or of its correlated pathologies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the Republic of Kosovo: a Retrospective Pilot Study.

Daci¹,

Elshani²,

Beretta³

2013

Med Arh

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“…The visits were targeted at gestational weeks 8-13 (enrolment), 16-22, 24-29 and 34-37, but the actual ranges were gestational weeks 10-14, 15-26, 23-31 and 33-39, respectively. Blood specimens were collected at the second visit (week [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], after an overnight fast. All biospecimens were immediately processed and stored at -80°C until being thawed for laboratory analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of iron status during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes: findings from a prospective, multiracial cohort

et al. 2016

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to prospectively and longitudinally investigate maternal iron status during early to mid-pregnancy, and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), using a comprehensive panel of conventional and novel iron biomarkers. Methods A case-control study of 107 women with GDM and 214 controls (matched on age, race/ethnicity and gestational week during blood collection) was conducted within the the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), a prospective and multiracial pregnancy cohort. Plasma hepcidin, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured and sTfR:ferritin ratio was derived, twice before GDM diagnosis (gestational weeks 10-14 and 15-26) and at weeks 23-31 and 33-39. GDM diagnosis was ascertained from medical records. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for GDM were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for demographics, prepregnancy BMI and other major risk factors. Results Hepcidin concentrations during weeks 15-26 were 16% higher among women with GDM vs controls (median 6.4 vs 5.5 ng/ml; p = 0.02 ), and were positively associated with GDM risk; the aOR (95% CI) for highest vs lowest quartile was 2.61 (1.07, 6.36). Ferritin levels were also positively associated with GDM risk; the aOR (95% CI) for highest vs lowest quartile was 2.43 (1.12, 5.28) at weeks 10-14 and 3.95 (1.38, 11.30) at weeks 15-26. The sTfR:ferritin ratio was inversely related to GDM risk; the aOR (95% CI) for highest vs lowest quartile was 0.33 (0.14, 0.80) at weeks 10-14 and 0.15 (0.05, 0.48) at weeks 15-26. Conclusions/interpretation Our findings suggest that elevated iron stores may be involved in the development of GDM from as early as the first trimester. This raises potential concerns for the recommendation of routine iron supplementation among iron-replete pregnant women.

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“…However, increasing studies have found positive associations between elevated body iron stores and development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes [21], other insulin resistant states such as metabolic syndrome and gestational diabetes [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of iron supplementation on glucose transporter 4 expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of pregnant rats

He¹,

Jiang²,

Liu³

et al. 2013

OJOG

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Objective: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of iron supplementation on glucose transporter 4 expressions in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in female rats during pregnancy. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group with a standard diet (containing iron 150 mg/kg) and an iron-supplementation group with a high-iron diet (containing iron 700 mg/kg) from day 0 to day 21 of pregnancy. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed on gestational day 19. On gestational day 21, all of the pregnant rats from each group were sacrificed. The mean neonatal weights were measured and samples of maternal intraabdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were taken to measure the expression of Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA and protein. Results: Glucose tolerance decreased significantly in the iron supplementation group compared to the control group. The mean neonatal weights in the iron supplementation group were higher than that in the control group. Levels of GLUT4 mRNA in the adipose tissue were reduced by the administrations of high-iron diet. The skeletal muscle GLUT4 mRNA levels were not changed significantly by iron supplementation. Expression of GLUT4 protein both in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle reduced significantly. Conclusion: These results suggest that iron supplementation during pregnancy would increase neonatal weights and could decrease maternal glucose tolerance by interfering GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats.

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Iron status in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

Cited by 79 publications

References 35 publications

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the Republic of Kosovo: a Retrospective Pilot Study.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the Republic of Kosovo: a Retrospective Pilot Study.

A longitudinal study of iron status during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes: findings from a prospective, multiracial cohort

Effect of iron supplementation on glucose transporter 4 expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of pregnant rats

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