Iron sulfide weathering by oxyhalogen species: Implications for iron sulfate and (oxyhydr)oxides formation on Mars

Mitra, Kaushik; Catalano, Jeffrey G.; Bahl, Yatharth; Hurowitz, Joel A.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118464

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118464

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Iron sulfide weathering by oxyhalogen species: Implications for iron sulfate and (oxyhydr)oxides formation on Mars

Kaushik Mitra,

Jeffrey G. Catalano,

Yatharth Bahl

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Preservation Potentials of Siderite in Low‐Temperature Brines Relevant to Mars

Chen,

Yu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

JGR Planets

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The scarce carbonate record on the Martian surface is one of the fundamental unsolved issues for paleoclimate and environmental evolution. Whether carbonates first formed and then dissolved due to a transition in global environments or whether Mg–Fe carbonates never extensively formed due to geochemical kinetics thresholds remains unknown. In this study, we experimentally examined the preservation potential of siderite in Mars‐relevant fluids, including ultrapure water, H2O2, NaClO4, NaClO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2SiO3 solutions, at 277 K. The effects of the water/rock ratio at WR10 and WR100 on dissolution rates were also investigated. We found that siderite dissolution and subsequent oxidation and hydrolysis of leached Fe did not substantially acidify the solutions. The siderite dissolved relatively rapidly in the chloride and chlorate solutions and slowly in the silica or bicarbonate solutions. In a circum‐neutral to slightly alkaline aqueous environment with oxidative species, the mobility of leached Fe was limited, leading to the formation of goethite or lepidocrocite, which clustered on the siderite surface. The longest lifetime of 1‐mm siderite grains was found in the Na2SiO3 solution at WR100, which was estimated to range from 198 ka to 198 Ma. Water‐limited, silica‐rich, and oxidative aqueous environments benefit siderite preservation on the Martian surface. Our results support that the lack of voluminous siderite on Mars may be primarily due to the inhibition of its formation rather than alteration and dissolution after its presence, consistent with the recent detection of Mg–Fe carbonate at Gale Crater and Jezero Crater.

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Preservation Potentials of Siderite in Low‐Temperature Brines Relevant to Mars

Chen,

Yu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

JGR Planets

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Magnetite Survivability and Non‐Stoichiometric Magnetite Formation in Presence of Oxyhalogen Brines on Mars

Mitra,

Bahl,

Ledingham

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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The mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) mineral magnetite [Fe3O4] of various stoichiometric and non‐stoichiometric compositions have been reported in Martian soils and rocks by several rover missions. Magnetite is an important paleomagnetic indicator mineral and can serve as a ‘biogeobattery’ as a consequence of its magnetic properties and the mixed valence state of iron in its structure. Here, we assess the extent of oxidative weathering of magnetite in presence of chlorate and bromate containing solutions that are likely important oxidants on Mars. Oxyhalogen species, chlorate and bromate, produced non‐stoichiometric magnetite [Fe(II)/Fe(III) < 0.5] in Mars‐relevant, near‐neutral pH fluids; no other ferric minerals were produced. The same results were observed in highly acidic fluids with or without oxyhalogens. Owing to its resistance to extensive oxidation, magnetite can serve as an important archive of geochemical, paleomagnetic, and astrobiological information in samples that will be returned by the Mars Sample Return mission.

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Iron sulfide weathering by oxyhalogen species: Implications for iron sulfate and (oxyhydr)oxides formation on Mars

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Preservation Potentials of Siderite in Low‐Temperature Brines Relevant to Mars

Preservation Potentials of Siderite in Low‐Temperature Brines Relevant to Mars

Magnetite Survivability and Non‐Stoichiometric Magnetite Formation in Presence of Oxyhalogen Brines on Mars

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