Iron/Sulphide Ratios in Corrosion by Sulphate-reducing Bacteria

Spruit, C. J. P.; Wanklyn, J.N.

doi:10.1038/168951a0

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2D to F). In fact, experiments with hydrogen-consuming SRB and iron as the only electron donor consistently showed that SRB were capable of using cathodic hydrogen as a substrate but that this did not affect iron corrosion to any significant extent (39,47,67,75,86). In conclusion, kinetic considerations and empirical studies have explicitly demonstrated that microbial consumption of H 2 cannot and does not accelerate iron corrosion.…”

Section: Emic Versus Cmic-emerging Theories In Srb-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The previously observed acceleration of cathodic reactions in SRB cultures (65,(69)(70)(71) could now be explained by reaction between sulfide and iron rather than by microbial consumption of cathodic H 2 . Since then, occasional attempts to resurrect the theory have been made (38,42,(72)(73)(74), but to date, no culture-based experiment has been able to demonstrate that bacterial consumption of cathodic hydrogen accelerates iron corrosion to any significant extent (39,47,67,75). It should be stressed at this point that the study of a direct corrosive effect of SRB requires the use of essentially organic matter-free cultivation media to avoid unnecessary complication or even misinterpretation of data resulting from the corrosive effects of H 2 S.…”

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much controversy followed in the subsequent decades. Most authors initially favored the theory (6,(64)(65)(66), while only a few questioned the idea that microbial H 2 scavenging would accelerate corrosion (67,68). With the beginning of the 1960s, the hypothesis was subjected to a series of electrochemical investigations (65,(69)(70)(71).…”

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

680

414

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About a century ago, researchers first recognized a connection between the activity of environmental microorganisms and cases of anaerobic iron corrosion. Since then, such microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has gained prominence and its technical and economic implications are now widely recognized. Under anoxic conditions (e.g., in oil and gas pipelines), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are commonly considered the main culprits of MIC. This perception largely stems from three recurrent observations. First, anoxic sulfate-rich environments (e.g., anoxic seawater) are particularly corrosive. Second, SRB and their characteristic corrosion product iron sulfide are ubiquitously associated with anaerobic corrosion damage, and third, no other physiological group produces comparably severe corrosion damage in laboratory-grown pure cultures. However, there remain many open questions as to the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions to corrosion. On the one hand, SRB damage iron constructions indirectly through a corrosive chemical agent, hydrogen sulfide, formed by the organisms as a dissimilatory product from sulfate reduction with organic compounds or hydrogen ("chemical microbially influenced corrosion"; CMIC). On the other hand, certain SRB can also attack iron via withdrawal of electrons ("electrical microbially influenced corrosion"; EMIC), viz., directly by metabolic coupling. Corrosion of iron by SRB is typically associated with the formation of iron sulfides (FeS) which, paradoxically, may reduce corrosion in some cases while they increase it in others. This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments. E ver since its first production roughly 4,000 years ago, iron has played a central role in human society due to its excellent mechanical properties and the abundance of its ores. Today, iron is used in much larger quantities than any other metallic material (1) and is indispensable in infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing. A major drawback is the susceptibility of iron to corrosion. Corrosion of iron and other metals causes enormous economic damage. Across all industrial sectors, the inferred costs of metal corrosion have been estimated to range between 2% and 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries (2, 3). These costs are to a large extent caused by corrosion of iron, due to its abundant use and particular susceptibility to oxidative damage. Estimates of the costs attributable to biocorrosion of iron lack a computed basis so that they vary widely, and definite numbers cannot be given with certainty. Still, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) probably accounts for a significant fraction of the total costs (4-7), and, due to its effects on important infrastructure in the energy industry (such as oil and gas pipelines), costs in the range of billions of...

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Section: Emic Versus Cmic-emerging Theories In Srb-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

680

414

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“…Furthermore, it has often been shown that hydrogen-consuming SRB do not affect corrosion rates any more than their non-hydrogen consuming counterparts [31,74,75]. After investigating a range of microorganisms (acetogens, sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogens) isolated from oil facilities, Mori et al [35] concluded that hydrogen consumption did not strongly stimulate iron corrosion.…”

Section: Cathodic Depolarization Theory (Cdp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrochemist Perspective of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Blackwood

2018

CMD

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major concern in a wide range of industries, with claims that it contributes 20% of the total annual corrosion cost. The focus of this present work is to review critically the most recent proposals for MIC mechanisms, with particular emphasis on whether or not these make sense in terms of their electrochemistry. It is determined that, despite the long history of investigating MIC, we are still a long way from really understanding its fundamental mechanisms, especially in relation to non-sulphate reducing bacterial (SRB) anaerobes. Nevertheless, we do know that both the cathodic polarization theory and direct electron transfer from the metal into the cell are incorrect. Electrically conducting pili also do not appear to play a role in direct electron transfer, although these could still play a role in aiding the mass transport of redox mediators. However, it is not clear if the microorganisms are just altering the local chemistry or if they are participating directly in the electrochemical corrosion process, albeit via the generation of redox mediators. The review finishes with suggestions on what needs to be done to further our understanding of MIC.

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“…However, the ratio of total Fe to iron sulfide has been observed to vary from the value as per this theory (Bunker, 1936;Spruit and Wanklyn, 1951;Mara, 1970). This discrepancy has led to modifications to the theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Microbial influenced corrosion due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

Singh

Sharma

Lata

2011

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate microbially induced corrosion on stainless steels due to sulfate reducing bacteria sp. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and correlate it with the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm formed by these bacteria. Design/methodology/approach -Stainless steels 304L, 316L and 2205 were selected for the test. Modified Baar's media, both control and inoculated, were used as test solutions in anaerobic conditions. The bacteria were identified by scanning electron microscopy and their growth was estimated by bacterial counting. Electrochemical polarization and immersion test were performed to estimate the corrosion rate and the extent of pitting attack. The degree of corrosion and the presence of chemicals present inside/outside pits were determined by SEM/EDS. Biofilm formed on corroded coupons was analyzed spectroscopically to identify its components. An attempt was made to correlate the extent of corrosion with the bacterial concentration and the EPS of the biofilm. The differing corrosion performances of the stainless steels also were compared. Findings -The corrosivity of the solution increased with the addition of SRBs and with increased incubation time. The amount of carbohydrate and protein in EPS was observed to be a minimum when conditions were most corrosive. However, as the corrosivity decreased, these amounts increased. Stainless steel 2205 showed the highest corrosion resistance, followed by 316L and 304L. Originality/value -This work shows that SRB degrades its own EPS. Further, the extent of microbial corrosion on stainless steel coupons due to the presence of SRB correlates with the carbohydrate and protein contents of the EPS of the biofilm.

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Iron/Sulphide Ratios in Corrosion by Sulphate-reducing Bacteria

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

An Electrochemist Perspective of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Microbial influenced corrosion due to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

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