Iron supplementation in pregnancy

Mahomed, Kassam

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000117.pub2

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…132,133 Most of the evidence in the literature has been largely derived from retrospective studies and has not been controlled for ancillary factors such as overall nutrition, underlying health, and health service delivery. 123 Several reviewers 123,[134][135][136][137][138] believe that anemia, which itself can be due to a variety of factors, is just one of a multitude of determinants of maternal and perinatal mortality and that there is no conclusive evidence of a link between maternal anemia and LBW or maternal or perinatal mortality. Moreover, there is little documentation that health status can be improved by treating anemia alone.…”

Section: Iron Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. Infant and under-5 childhood mortality rates in developing countries have declined significantly in the past 2 to 3 decades. However, 2 critical indicators, maternal and newborn mortality, have hardly changed. World leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 agreed on a critical goal to reduce deaths of children <5 years by two thirds, but this may be unattainable without halving newborn deaths, which now comprise 40% of all under-5 deaths. Greater emphasis on wide-scale implementation of proven, cost-effective measures is required to save women's and newborns' lives. Approximately 99% of neonatal deaths take place in developing countries, mostly in homes and communities. A comprehensive review of the evidence base for impact of interventions on neonatal health and survival in developingcountry communities has not been reported.Objective. This review of community-based antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal intervention trials in developing countries aimed to identify (1) key behaviors and interventions for which the weight of evidence is sufficient to recommend their inclusion in communitybased neonatal care programs and (2) key gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research and program learning.Methods. Available published and unpublished data on the impact of community-based strategies and interventions on perinatal and neonatal health status outcomes were reviewed. Evidence was summarized systematically and categorized into 4 levels of evidence based on study size, location, design, and reported impact, particularly on perinatal or neonatal mortality. The evidence was placed in the context of biological plausibility of the intervention; evidence from relevant developed-country studies; health care program experience in implementation; and recommendations from the World Health Organization and other leading agencies.Results. A paucity of community-based data was found from developing-country studies on health status impact for many interventions currently being considered for inclusion in neonatal health programs. However, review of the evidence and consideration of the broader context of knowledge, experience, and recommendations regarding these interventions enabled us to categorize them according to the strength of the evidence base and confidence regarding their inclusion now in programs. This article identifies a package of priority interventions to include in programs and formulates research priorities for advancing the state of the art in neonatal health care.Conclusions. This review emphasizes some new findings while recommending an integrated approach to safe motherhood and newborn health. The results of this study provide a foundation for policies and programs related to maternal and newborn health and emphasizes the importance of health systems research and evaluation of interventions. The review offers compelling support for using research to identify the most effective measures to save newborn lives. It also may facilitate dialogue with policy...

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Section: Iron Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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“…It may cause restriction of somatic growth and brain cells, intrauterine fetal death and delivery of LBW babies, which leads to increase morbidity and mortality in pregnancy and perinatal mortality. 13 Low level of maternal hemoglobin level (<11 g/dL) is closely correlated with the incidence of LBW babies and preterm deliveries. 14 Low level of hemoglobin causes anemia in pregnant women and increases three times higher of LBW babies risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of iron supplementation in pregnant women to the occurrence of low birth weight (LBW) babies in Palu, Central Sulawesi

Z¹

2014

JMedScie

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Low birth weight (LBW) babies remains a major problem world wide as it causes a high rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality. One effort to reduce the prevalence of LBW babies is by providing iron supplementation to the pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between iron supplementation program and prevalence of LBW babies in Palu, Central Sulawesi. This was an observational study with case control design. Subjects were all LBW babies from mothers that had accepted iron supplementation during pregnancy. Sample size in this study was 87 for case and 87 for control. Bivariate analysis showed that iron supplementation that not comply the program had a significant correlation with prevalence of LBW babies (p=0.01). Other significant factors include abnormal hemoglobin level (p=0.01), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.02), educational level (p=0.02), multiparity (p=0.03), and gestational age (prematurity) (p=0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the strongest risk factor for the occurrence of LBW babies was iron supplementation that not comply the program (OR= 3.82; 95% CI: 1.77-8.22). Other risk factors were hemoglobin level (OR= 3.45; 95% CI: 1.59-7.49), BMI (OR= 2.27; 95% CI: 1.05-4.91), gestational age (OR= 3.11; 95% CI: 1.45-6.67), multiparity (OR= 2.98, 95% CI: 1.36-6.51), and educational level (OR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12-5.03). Based on the analysis, the strongest risk factors that affected the prevalence of LBW was iron supplementation, abnormal hemoglobin level, gestational age, multiparity and education level. In conclusion, iron supplementation during pregnancy that not comply with the program was the strongest risk factor of LBW babies. The prevalence of LBW babies can be reduced by controlling of iron supplementation, hemoglobin level, BMI, gestational age, parity and education. ABSTRAKBayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia karena penyebab tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatus. Salah satu usaha menurunkan prevalensi BBLR adalah memberikan suplemen besi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara program suplementasi besi dengan prevalensi bayi dengan BBLR di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasi dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Subyek penelitian adalah semua bayi dengan BBLR dari ibu yang menerima suplementasi besi selama hamil dengan jumlah sampel 87 kasus dan 87 kontrol. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi besi yang tidak sesuai dengan program mempunyai hubungan nyata dengan kejadian bayi dengan BBLR (p=0,01). Faktor lain yang berpengaruh nyata adalah kadar hemoglobin rendah (p=0,01), indeks masa tubuh (IMT) rendah, pendidikan rendah (p=0,02), multiparitas lebih dua kali persalinan (p=0,03) dan kelahiran prematur (p=0,03). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi besi yang tidak sesuai program berhubungan nyata dengan prevalensi bayi dengan BBLR (p=0,01). Faktor risiko lain yang berpengaruh IMT (p=0,02), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,02), J Med S...

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“…Micronutrients deficiency is common in ageing, pregnancy and ill health [14]. These deficiencies may contribute to an increased risk of parasitic infection, and oxidative stress which affect the production of blood cells and haemoglobin and the entire immune level [15]. Biochemical investigation of average Nigerians of different ages and of both sex will be carried out, with regards to serum level of specific micronutrients.…”

Section: International Journal Of Pharmacology Phytochemistry and Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Two Natural Antioxidant Intervention on Plasma Vitamin C, E, and β-Carotene Concentrations of Apparently Healthy Adults in Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

Nweze

2016

IJPPE

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ABSTRACT. Immunologic functions particularly cell-mediated immunity declines with age, contributing to the increased incidence of infectious diseases in the elderly. The study looked at vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene levels in plasma of 150 healthy adults of 96 men and 54 women aged between 30 and 74 years. The subjects were randomly grouped into three at baseline for further dietary studies, The antioxidant dietary supplements were either 1 capsule per day of antioxidant nutraceutical (Forever living product) (containing vitamin E 10 mg, vitamin C 60mg and β-carotene 2000 mcg of vitamin A, or cheap affordable indigenous antioxidant functional foods of equivalent vitamin composition of oranges, carrots, and soybean or bottled water, and the first dose was dispensed and followed up for six months. The result showed that the vit C, E and β-carotene concentration of antioxidant treated groups were positively influenced than the placebo group (Grp 1 (AT-P) 6m . Grp 3 (AT-F) 6m was affected more positively than the antioxidant Grp 2 (AT-N) 6m . Vitamin C, E, and β-carotene concentrations of the elderly are beyond reference/normal range of blood plasma. Plasma Vitamin C and β-carotene concentration of the female was higher than the male. The vitamin E concentration in blood plasma of male is higher compare to female. INTRODUCTIONImmunologic functions particularly cell-mediated immunity declines with age, contributing to the increased incidence of infectious diseases in the elderly. Cellular immune functions and health generally are compromised at older age due to severe nutritional deficiency. Nutrition may play a pivotal role in maintaining immune competence in older adults. The maintenance of immune cells and preserving their adequate function are strongly influenced by antioxidant/oxidant balance. Thus, the level of anti-oxidants in these cells plays a pivotal role in protecting them from oxidative stress [1]. Free radicals are incriminated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in many diseases in ageing, as well as obstruction of normal physiological functions. They produce cellular injury by lipid peroxidation, enzyme activation, DNA damage and degradation of structural protein. The body has evolved multiple defence mechanism through antioxidants against free radicals, by preventing the formation of radicals (chain termination), scavenging them or promoting their decomposition [2]. This enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant includes Vitamin C, E, A, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx). New concept of the application/approach of antioxidant supplement has appeared as nutraceuticals, functional foods, nutritional therapy, and phytonutrients [3] [4]. Whole foods represent the simplest example of functional foods (carrots, orange, soybeans and avocado pear) because of their high contents of physiologically active components (β-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Lycopene respectively). They satisfactorily demonstrate a beneficial effect on one or more target function...

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Iron supplementation in pregnancy

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

The influence of iron supplementation in pregnant women to the occurrence of low birth weight (LBW) babies in Palu, Central Sulawesi

Effect of Two Natural Antioxidant Intervention on Plasma Vitamin C, E, and β-Carotene Concentrations of Apparently Healthy Adults in Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

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