Ironing the mitochondria: Relevance to its dynamics

Upadhyay, Mamta; Agarwal, Saloni

doi:10.1016/j.mito.2019.09.007

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Nevertheless, consuming iron above a threshold can increase the risk of developing glaucoma (Wang et al, 2012). Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence of the choroidal stroma in aged oldworld primates confirmed the focal accumulation of iron (Ugarte et al, 2018). Compared with the control retina, glaucomatous retina of monkeys and humans show increased mRNA expression levels of iron-regulating genes (Farkas et al, 2004).…”

Section: Metal Homeostasis and The Fate Of Rgcsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Upon maturation and acidification, endosomes release iron, which is reduced to the ferrous form. Divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1, also known as NRAMP2, DCT1, or SLC11A2), transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), and ZRT/IRT-like protein (ZIP14) mediate iron transport from the endosome to the cytoplasm ( Upadhyay and Agarwal, 2020 ). Extracellular non-transferrin-bound Fe 2+ can be directly internalized to the labile iron pool (LIP) by DMT1 on the cell surface ( Moos et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Movement Of Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury

Tang

Zhuo

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Glaucoma is the most substantial cause of irreversible blinding, which is accompanied by progressive retinal ganglion cell damage. Retinal ganglion cells are energy-intensive neurons that connect the brain and retina, and depend on mitochondrial homeostasis to transduce visual information through the brain. As cofactors that regulate many metabolic signals, iron and zinc have attracted increasing attention in studies on neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the research connecting iron, zinc, neuronal mitochondria, and glaucomatous injury, with the aim of updating and expanding the current view of how retinal ganglion cells degenerate in glaucoma, which can reveal novel potential targets for neuroprotection.

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Section: Metal Homeostasis and The Fate Of Rgcsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Movement Of Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury

Tang

Zhuo

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…The mitochondrion is an essential organelle for a cell, not only to fulfill its energy requirement but also to perform other functions such as the generation of ROS (Cadenas and Davies, 2000), calcium and iron ion homeostasis (Bawa and Abbott, 2008;Lill et al, 2014;Upadhyay and Agarwal, 2020). Mitochondria are highly dynamic; they change their size and shape through a continuous cycle of fission and fusion (Sesaki and Jensen, 1999;Smirnova et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2003) and are actively transported within the cytoplasm over the cytoskeleton via the motor proteins (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1995;Ligon and Steward, 2000;Sheng, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinuclear mitochondrial clustering, increased ROS levels, and HIF1 are required for the activation of HSF1 by heat stress

Agarwal

Ganesh

2020

Journal of Cell Science

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The heat shock response (HSR) is a conserved cellular defensive response against stresses such as temperature, oxidative stress and heavy metals. A significant group of players in the HSR is the set of molecular chaperones known as heat shock proteins (HSPs), which assist in the refolding of unfolded proteins and prevent the accumulation of damaged proteins. HSP genes are activated by the HSF1 transcription factor, a master regulator of the HSR pathway. A variety of stressors activate HSF1, but the key molecular players and the processes that directly contribute to HSF1 activation remain unclear. In this study, we show that heat shock induces perinuclear clustering of mitochondria in mammalian cells, and this clustering is essential for activation of the HSR. We also show that this perinuclear clustering of mitochondria results in increased levels of reactive oxygen species in the nucleus, leading to the activation of hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). To conclude, we provide evidence to suggest that HIF-1α is one of the crucial regulators of HSF1 and that HIF-1α is essential for activation of the HSR during heat shock.

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“…Mitoferrin-1 is highly expressed in differentiating erythroid cells, whereas mitoferrin-2 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in all non-erythroid tissues [ 193 , 194 , 195 ]. In human cells silenced for both mitoferrin-1 and -2, mitochondrial iron transport was found to be reduced more than 90%, suggesting that mitoferrins contribute to most of the mitochondrial iron supply [ 196 , 197 ]. In human erythroid cells, the loss of mitoferrin-1 could induce heme synthesis defects due to impaired mitochondrial iron uptake [ 194 , 198 , 199 ], causing erythropoietic protoporphyria [ 200 , 201 ].…”

Section: Drosophila Melanogaster Vs Human Mitomentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers

Curcio

Lunetti

Zara

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.

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Ironing the mitochondria: Relevance to its dynamics

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury

Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury

Perinuclear mitochondrial clustering, increased ROS levels, and HIF1 are required for the activation of HSF1 by heat stress

Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers

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